Bacterial pneumonia Community acquired AMY MONTALVO DESIREE MORA ASHLEY CAMACHO SIMEON DAVIS

What is it? An infection in one or both lungs Causes the lung’s air sac (alveoli) to become inflamed and engorged with pus, fluid, and cellular debris Makes it difficult for the body to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Etiology Caused by a pathogenic infection of the lungs Etiologic agent: Haemphilus influenza, klebsiella, staphylococcus Klebsiella Pneumonia -Gram negative Streptococcus pneumonia- Gram positive

Epidemiology Pneumonia is ranked as the 8 th leading cause of death in the United States Elderly (65 years or older) are considered to be in high rick of obtaining pneumonia Anyone who has a weak immune system is also in high risk Streptococcus pneumonia is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia acquired outside of hospitals ◦It is estimated that 175,000 occur each year, with a fatality rate of 5-7%, or much higher for the elderly ◦75 % of acute cases Evidence indicates that the rate of infection ranges from 74 to 92 per 1,000 children younger than 2 years

Mode of transmission Breathing in infected air particles Generally occurs after an upper respiratory infection ◦For example after a flu virus Bacteria living in your nose, sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs

Symptoms Cough ◦Usually mucus from the lungs (maybe rusty, green, or tinged) Fever Fast breathing and feeling short of breath Shaking Teeth shattering Nausea and vomiting Fast heart beat Chest pain Diarrhea

Diagnostic tests Listen for abnormal chest sounds that indicate heavy mucus secretion Take a blood sample to get a white blood cell count. A high count usually indicates infection Take blood and/or mucus samples to identify the infection causing-pathogen Order chest x-rays to confirm the presence and extent of infection

Treatment Doctors use antibiotics to treat pneumonia caused by bacteria, the most common cause of the condition. Antibiotics have a high cure rate for pneumonia Antibiotics are chosen based on age, symptoms and how severe they are ◦A cough medicine to calm the cough ◦Fever medication to reduce the temperature

Prevention/ Control measures There are several vaccines that prevent infection by bacteria that may cause pneumonia vaccines ◦Pneumococcal ◦Haemophilus influenza type b ◦Pertussis (whooping cough) ◦Varicella (chicken pox) ◦Measles and influenza Good hygiene practices Limiting the exposure of cigarette smoke can reduce the risk Treating and preventing chronic diseases such as heart disease or diabetes

References Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: A Primer for Pharmacists. (2013, July 1). USPharmacist.com > Continuing Education > Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: A Primer for Pharmacists. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from Pneumonia Fact Sheet - American Lung Association. (n.d.). American Lung Association. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from resources/pneumonia-fact-sheet.htmlhttp:// resources/pneumonia-fact-sheet.html Pneumonia Symptoms, Causes, Treatments & More. (2013, March 6). WebMD. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from The Coughing Child and Pneumonia. (2013, February 26). YouTube. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from