Xiaoming Zhang Zhejiang University

pons myelencephalon telencephalon diencephalon cerebellum mid-brain pons myelencephalon Brain Stem

The brain stem Ⅰ. General features: 1. 3 parts: midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata (from superior to inferior) 2. Position: spinal cord---Diencephalon--cerebellum Ⅱ. External features: 1. Ventral surface of the brain stem 2. Dorsal surface of the brain stem

ventral surface

dorsal surface

Ⅲ. Internal structures: A. General features:

Nuclei cranial nerves Somatic motor nucleus: oculomotor nucleus, trochlear nucleus, abducentis nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus Visceral motor nucleus: motor nucleus of trigeminal n., facial nucleus, ambiguus, spinal accessory nucleus, accessory oculomotor nucleus, superior salivatory nucleus, inferior salivatory nucleus, dorsal nucleus of vagus n.

visceral afferent nucleus: nucleus of solitary tract somatic afferent nucleus: Mesencephalic nucleus, pontine nucleus and spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. cochlear nuclei, vestibular nuclei

The non-cranial nerve nuclei gracile nucleus, cuneate nucleus superior colliculus, inferior colliculus red nucleus, substantia nigra (dopamine)

white matter of brain stem The long ascending and descending tracts long ascending tracts: 1). Medial lemniscus (fine touch and proprioceptive sense) 2). Spinothalamic Lemniscus (superficial sensation) 3). Trigeminal lemniscus (superficial sensation of opposite side head and facial ) 4) lateral lemniscus (Sense of hearing)

Descending tracts ① ② （ 5-HT ）。 Descending tracts pyramidal system ① corticospinal tract lateral anterior ② corticonuclear tract formatio reticularis keep waking state nuclei of median raphe （ 5-HT ）。

Thank You