T HE C ELL : Parts & Organelles
O BJECTIVES To become familiar with the parts & organelles of a cell including: Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosome Chromosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough & smooth) Mitochondria Golgi Body (Apparatus) Lysosome Vacuole Centriole Cytoplasm Choloplast Vesicle Flagellum/Cilia To recognize the different organelles in plants and animals cells. To be able to identify the name, definition & image of each organelle. To appreciate the complexity of the smallest unit of life!!!
O VERVIEW OF AN A NIMAL C ELL
O VERVIEW OF A P LANT C ELL
C ELL M EMBRANE A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds ALL cells (plants & animal cells) Regulates what enters and leaves the cell Provides protection Provides support. Composed primarily of lipid bilayer
C ELL W ALL Found in plants and most prokaryotic cells Provides support and structure Made-up of cellulose
C YTOPLASM Found in all eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells Jell-like substance located outside the nucleus
N UCLEUS Found in ALL eukaryotic cells Contains nearly all the DNA – the coding material for proteins & other important molecules. Surrounded by a porous nuclear envelope which allows material to move in & out of the nucleus. Granular material inside the nucleus is called chromatin, and when the cell divides the chromatin condenses into chromosomes
N UCLEOLUS Small, dense region (aka the “dark spot”) within the nucleus Assembly of ribosomes begins
R IBOSOMES Found in ALL prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells Location where proteins are assembled Ribosomes can be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (rough E.R.) or free within the cytoplasm.
E NDOPLASMIC R ETICULUM (E.R.) (R OUGH & S MOOTH ) Found in ALL prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells Site where lipids for the cell membrane, proteins and other material are assembled. Two types of E.R. Rough ER - contains ribosomes & is the location of protein assembly Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes.
G OLGI B ODY (A PPARATUS ) After proteins are assembled at the ER they move here The function of the Golgi body if to modify, sort and package proteins and other material for storage or transport out of the cell Transport vesicles deliver the proteins to and from the Golgi body.
L YSOSOMES Small organelles filled with enzymes to breakdown lipids, carbohydrates & proteins. They also breakdown old organelles and other “junk” that are no longer useful. The “stomach” of the cell.
V ACUOLES Found in both animal and plant cells. Store food and water for the cell. In plants, vacuoles are very large and provide support.
M ITOCHONDRIA Plants and animal cell contain mitochondria. Mitchondria convert organic materials to energy for the cell’s use through the process of cellular respiration. The number of mitochondria per cell depends on the cell’s energy needs. Heart cells need a lot of mitochondria whereas skin cell would not need as many.
C HOLOPLAST Found in plant cells Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
F LAGELLA /C ILIA Not found in all cells. Flagella is a tail-like structure that propels cells Cilia are hair like structures that help cells move.
C YTOSKELETON Network of protein filaments (microfilaments & microtubules) that helps the cell maintain its shape. Assists in cell division. Centrioles, located near the nucleus, help separate the chromosomes & organize the cell in order for it to divide.
W HO AM I?? I’m found in ALL eukaryotic cells and contain nearly all the DNA – the coding material for proteins & other important molecules. Answer: Nucleus
W HO AM I?? Answer: Golgi Body!
W HO AM I?? Very large in plant cell. Provide structure, food and water for the cell. Answer: Vacuole!
W HO AM I?? Answer: Mitochondria!!
W HO AM I?? Small organelles filled with enzymes to breakdown lipids, carbohydrates & proteins. Answer: Lysosome!