Updates to AMSR-E GPROF over Land Rain Algorithm & Applications to AMSR-2 Ralph Ferraro 1,2, Patrick Meyers 2, Nai-Yu Wang 2, Dave Randel 3, Chris Kummerow 3 1 NOAA/NESDIS 2 Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), University of Maryland College Park, MD 3 Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA4-5 September 20131

2 Outline GPROF2010V2 –AMSR-E –TMI –SSMIS –Independent evaluations AMSR-2 examples 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA

3 Review of GPROF2010 Over Land Changes (N.Y. Wang) Driven by TRMM V7 reprocessing Main focus of effort - make improvements over V6 and develop synergy with PR V7 ‒ Previous TRMM versions were always out of sync between TMI and PR ‒ TRMM 2A12 V7 = GPROF2010 What was changed –Improve Convective-Stratiform separation –TB85V-RR relationships to remove warm season bias –More versatile/precise land/ocean/coast (Dave Randel) –Use of GPM X-Cal L1 TB’s What was NOT changed –Regional biases –IF-THEN-ELSE screening logic (“Grody” and “GSCAT” heritage) End result – closer agreement between TRMM V7 2A12 and 2A September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA

A TMI Example 4 Note the better gradient in the rain rates in V7 compared to V6 and PR; V6 tended to “smear” rain areas due to poorer CSI 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA

GPROF2010 V2 (Meyers, Randel, Wang) Goal was to improve AMSR-E from TMI version –Beyond TRMM domain, snow becomes a major issue –Can we improve desert sand as well? –Can we start to eliminate IF-THEN-ELSE? (Goal of GPROF2014) Also, port to other sensors e.g., AMSR-2, SSMI/S –Time series continuity for climate/”blended” products (e.g., NASA/IMERG) Unbiased retrievals between AMSR-E, SSMI, SSMIS, TMI, AMSR-2, … –Real-time user continuity (NOAA JPSS/GCOM effort) –“Benchmark” for GPM (GPROF2014) to improve upon What we wound up doing: –Use L1C from X-cal, but still some empirical adjustments to TB’s TMI vs. AMSR-E – frequencies, etc. Same for AMSR-2, but not for SSM/I and SSMIS –Use of ancillary data sets - Monthly snow climatology, Static desert mask –“Re-engineering” of code –Some changes for coast – definition, databases, etc. AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA4-5 September 20135

Example - Screening Problem Convective core screened out – thinks it’s snow on the ground 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA6

Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) –Northern Hemisphere –Multisensor (AVHRR, SSM/I, GOES, AMSR-E) –Human in the loop –Daily 24 km snow product 1997-present AMSR-E Monthly Snow Product –Southern Hemisphere –L3 25km Snow Water Equivalent Global 1/4° map of likelihood of snow coverage –If (p > 75%), snow likely, pixel flagged Climatological Snow Screening 74-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA

Climatological Snow Screening 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA8

Climatological Desert Screening International Geosphere/Biosphere Programme 1/12° scene types 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA9

GPROF2010V2 Land Screening 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA10 New Old Now used less often

Putting it all together… 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA11

Example - Screening Problem Convective core screened out Convective core intact 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA12

Rain Rate – January 2010 mm·day September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA13 AMSR-E GPROF2010 mm·day -1 AMSR-E GPROF2010V2 NEW - OLD More convective cores included Less due to snow climatology

AMSR-E Monthly Rain – July September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA14

Comparison to GPCP 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA15

4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA16 Comparison to GPCP 75% Snow Climo.

4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA17 Comparison to GPCP

4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA18 Comparison to GPCP

GPCC Gauge Comparisons: Jan – Jun September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA19 GPCC Gauge (mm/mon) AMSR-2 (mm/mon) TMI (mm/mon) GPCC Gauge (mm/mon) SSMIS F18I (mm/mon) GPCC Gauge (mm/mon) ALL SatelliteI (mm/mon)

AMSR-2 Teaming with CSU on recently selected NASA proposal for continuity of AMSR-E time series with AMSR-2 NOAA is also using AMSR-2 as part of JPSS program through separate arrangement with JAXA Show some examples of AMSR-2 usage (P. Meyers) –Super storm Sandy –Moore, OK Tornado –Mid-Atlantic Tornado with rapid imagery and lightning –Matchups with TMI (R. Joyce) AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA4-5 September

NEXRAD Reflectivity Super Storm Sandy – October September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA21

Moore, OK Tornado May 20, 2013 Agreement in locations of heaviest precipitation 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA22

NMQ-Q2 Validation Smoothed Reflectivities 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA23

Cross-Track TB Strong scattering in core of storm Negative polarization at 89 GHz due to large hail? East/West gradient in low frequency polarization suggests changes in soil moisture due to rain 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA24

Mid-Atlantic Severe Weather - 6/13/ September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA25 1 minute GOES visible and DCLMA Simulate GOES-R ABI and GLM Lightning “jumps” related to tornadic storms GPROF AMSR-2 Rain Rates 1 second lighting from DCLMA Lightning related to 89 GHz scattering

26 GCOM-W1 AMSR2 (top) derived precipitation (mm/hr) TRMM TMI (bottom) 02:30-03:00 UTC 1 March 2013 Courtesy of Bob Joyce, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/CPC 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA26

27 GCOM-W1 AMSR2 (top) derived precipitation (mm/hr) TRMM TMI (bottom) 04:00-04:30 UTC 1 March 2013 Courtesy of Bob Joyce, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/CPC 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA27

Summary and Future Plans GPROF2010V2 over land –Essentially produces unbiased estimates for TMI, AMSR-E, AMSR-2, SSM/I, SSMIS –Will allow for continuity from AMSR-E to AMSR-2 Being adopted at NOAA as part of JPSS/GCOM EDR’s –Ready for AMSR-E reprocessing (if not done already) Improved features include –Uses snow and desert climatologies –Better CSI for improved rain rates GPROF 2014 – in development (GPM/CSU team) –Eliminate empirical RR calculation over land –Identifies emissivity classes for Bayesian retrieval 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA28

Backup Slides 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA29

GPROF VS Radar

Along-Track Tbs Scattering signature down to 18GHz Low polarization differences at higher frequencies, as expected 4-5 September 2013AMSR-E Science Team Meeting – Oxnard, CA35