Hebrew Class 2014 Psalm 119 Hebrew Word Studies

Psalm 119 Vs. 1-8 – Aleph File א Vs. 1 – “Blessed” – ‘āshār or esher (H835) Vs. 2 - “Blessed” – ‘āshār or esher (H835) Vs. 3 – “Also” – aph (H637) Vs. 4 – “You” – ‘attah (H859) Vs. 5 –“Oh, that” – ‘achalay (H305) Vs. 6 – “Then” – ‘āz (H227) Vs. 7 – “I will praise you” – aoydecha Vs. 8 – “The statutes of you” – aet (H853) – not translated, but would be the “the” of “the statutes.”

Psalm 119:1-8 1 אַשְׁרֵ ֥ י תְמִֽימֵי־דָ ֑ רֶךְ הַֽ ֝ הֹלְכִ ֗ ים בְּתוֹרַ ֥ ת יְהוָֽה׃ 2 אַ ֭ שְׁרֵי נֹצְרֵ ֥ י עֵדֹתָ ֗ יו בְּכָל־לֵ ֥ ב יִדְרְשֽׁוּהוּ׃ 3 אַ ֭ ף לֹֽא־פָעֲל ֣ וּ עַוְלָ ֑ ה בִּדְרָכָ ֥ יו הָלָֽכוּ׃ 4 אַ ֭ תָּה צִוִּ ֥ יתָה פִקֻּדֶ ֗ יךָ לִשְׁמֹ ֥ ר מְאֹֽד׃ 5 אַ ֭ חֲלַי יִכֹּ ֥ נוּ דְרָכָ ֗ י לִשְׁמֹ ֥ ר חֻקֶּֽיךָ׃ 6 אָ ֥ ז לֹא־אֵב ֑ וֹשׁ בְּ ֝ הַבִּיטִ ֗ י אֶל־כָּל־מִצְוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ 7 א ֭ וֹדְךָ בְּיֹ ֣ שֶׁר לֵבָ ֑ ב בְּ ֝ לָמְדִ ֗ י מִשְׁפְּטֵ ֥ י צִדְקֶֽךָ׃ 8 אֶת־חֻקֶּ ֥ יךָ אֶשְׁמֹ ֑ ר אַֽל־תַּעַזְבֵ ֥ נִי עַד־מְאֹֽד׃

Psalm 119:1 “Blessed” אַשְׁרֵ ֥ י אַשְׁרֵי ʾǎš·rê (eh'-sher) happy, blessed is he who. אַשְׁרֵי (ʾǎš·rê): n.[masc.]; plural; ≡ Str 835; TWOT 183a—LN – blessed!, how happy!, i.e., a heightened state of happiness and joy, or, bliss, implying very favorable circumstance and enjoyment (Dt 33:29; 1Ki 10:8 (2×) ; 2Ch 9:7 (2×) ; Job 5:17; Ps 1:1; 2:12; 32:1, 2; 33:12; 34:9[EB 8]; 40:5[EB 4]; 41:2[EB 1]; 65:5[EB 4]; 84:5[EB 4],6[EB 5],13[EB 12]; 89:16[EB 15]; 94:12; 106:3; 112:1; 119:1, 2; 127:5; 128:1, 2; 137:8, 9; 144:15 (2×) ; 146:5; Pr 3:13; 8:32, 34; 14:21; 16:20; 20:7; 28:14; 29:18; Ecc 10:17; Isa 30:18; 32:20; 56:2; Da 12:12+). Particle, interjection.

Psalm 119:1 “are the undefiled” תְמִֽימֵי תָּמִים tā·mîm (taw-meem') complete, unscathed, intact; blameless, without fault, free of blemish; impeccable; honest, devout; honesty, integrity, blamelessness, completeness. תָּמִים (tā·mîm): adj.; ≡ Str 8549; TWOT 2522d—1. without defect, unblemished, i.e., pertaining to having a good quality animal without handicap, implying a prime animal of high monetary value (Ex 12:5); 2. blameless, innocent, i.e., pertaining to a person or condition of moral goodness, with a focus of being guiltless and not liable for sin or wrong (Ge 6:9; 17:1; Dt 18:13; 2Sa 22:24, 26; Job 12:4; Ps 15:2; 18:24[EB 23],26[EB 25]; 37:18; 84:12[EB 11]; 101:2, 6; 119:1, 80; Pr 2:21; 11:5, 20; 28:10, 18; Eze 28:15+); 3. perfect, i.e., pertaining to having no known physical defect whatsoever (Dt 32:4+); 4. perfect, i.e., pertaining to not having any moral defect (2Sa 22:31, 33; Job 36:4; 37:16; Ps 18:31[EB 30],33[EB 32]; 19:8[EB 7]+); 5. entire, whole, i.e., the totality of an object (Lev 3:9; Eze 15:5; Pr 1:12+); 6. right, true, i.e., pertaining to that which is genuine, implying sincerity (1Sa 14:41; Jos … Adjective, masculine, plural, construct.

Psalm 119:1 “in the way” דָ ֑ רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ dě·rěḵ (deh'-rek) way, road; distance, journey; manner, custom, behavior. דֶּרֶךְ (dě·rěḵ): n.masc.; ≡ Str 1870; TWOT 453a—1. way, path, route, road, highway, i.e., a thoroughfare to physically get from one place to another (Ge 16:7), note: context will provide the size of the pathway, ranging from a narrow path to a major thoroughfare; 2. journey, i.e., the act. of moving from one place to another, with a destination, and usually planned route (Ge 24:27); 3. conduct, way of life, what is done, i.e., behave in a particular way, in the manner one conducts one’s life, including habits, as a figurative extension of a thoroughfare (Pr 6:6; 25:4); 4. strength, vigor, might, i.e., power or force relatively greater than other entities (Pr 31:3; Hos 10:13); 5. unit: פָּנָה דֶּרֶךְ (pā·nā(h) dě·rěḵ) make ready, formally, turn the way, i.e., cause circumstances to be prepared for some event (Isa 40:3). Noun, common, feminine and masculine, singular, absolute.

Psalm 119:1 “who walk” הַֽ ֝ הֹלְכִ ֗ ים הַ hǎ the הַ־ (hǎ-): definite article—1. the, i.e., a reference to an entity, event, or state, clearly identified by the linguistic or non-linguistic context of the utterance (Ge 1:1); 2. who, i.e., a marker of a relative reference (Jos 10:24); 3. O, i.e., a marker of direct address (1Sa 23:20). Particle, article. הלך hlk to go, walk; (metaph.) to behave; to vanish, die, pass away; to bring, take; to lead, escort. הָלַךְ (hā·lǎḵ) (haw-lak'): v.; ≡ Str 1980, 3212; TWOT 498—1. (qal) go, travel, i.e., make linear motion to another place, with any form of transportation (2Ki 7:14); (piel) travel (Ps 104:26); (hif) take, send, i.e., cause linear motion of an object, collection, or mass (Jer 32:5); (hitp) go about (Zec 1:10), note: for MT text in Ne 12:31, see 9336; 2. (qal) walk, i.e., make linear motion on foot or pod (Lev 11:20); (piel) go about (1Ki 21:27); (hif) cause to walk (Lev 26:13); (hitp) walk about, walk without particular goal (Ex 21:19); 3. (qal) follow, i.e., make linear motion behind another object or collection (Ge 32:20[EB 19]); 4. (qal) follow, i.e., be an adherent of a person, group, or belief (Lev 26:3); 5. (qal) behave, conduct, live, formally, walk, i.e., go about doing certain actions in a regular, more or less consistent manner, so possibly constituting a life or lifestyle, as an extension of the act of walking … Verb, qal, participle, masculine, plural, absolute.

Psalm 119:1 “in the law” בְּתוֹרַ ֥ ת בְּ b in, at, among, upon, with, away from, when. 928 בְּ־ (b): prep.; ≡ TWOT 193—1. in, i.e., a marker of position within certain limits, contrasted with being outside an area, even in a three dimensional area (Ge 1:22); 2. among, i.e., a marker of a position within an area, defined by the objects around it (Ge 41:3); 3. on, over, i.e., a marker of a position upon the surface of an object (Ge 9:7b); 4. at, by, i.e., a marker of a position in proximity or near vicinity to another object (Ge 38:14b); 5. in, i.e., a marker of a state or condition (Isa 16:5); 6. into, i.e., a marker of an extension toward a goal, which is inside an area (Ge 10:6a); 7. in, i.e., a marker of association (Nu 14:11a); 8. with, i.e., a marker of attendant circumstances, implying means (Ge 3:16a); 9. with, by what means, i.e., a marker of an immediate instrument (1Ki 22:21); 10. with, i.e., a marker of … Particle, preposition.

Psalm 119:1 “in the law” בְּתוֹרַ ֥ ת תּוֹרָה tô·rā(h) direction, instruction; law; decision; rule תּוֹרָה (tô·rā(h)) (to-raw'): n.fem.; ≡ Str 8451, 8452; TWOT 910d—1. law, regulation, i.e., a legal prescription of something that should or must be done (Ex 12:49; Lev 6:2); 2. teaching, instruction, i.e., information that is imparted to a student (Ps 78:1; Pr 1:8); 3. Torah, the Law, i.e., a written code (Ne 8:2); 4. unit: סֵפֶר הַ־ תּוֹרָה (sē·p̄ěr hǎ- tô·rā(h)) Book of the Law, i.e., a written code (Dt 28:61); 5. unit: תּוֹרָה מֹשֶׁה (tô·rā(h) mō·šě(h)) Law of Moses, i.e., a written code (Jos 8:31); 6. unit: תּוֹרָה יהוה (tô·rā(h) yhw(h)) Law of the L ORD, i.e., a written code (1Ch 16:40); 7. manner, custom, i.e., the usual way of doing something (2Sa 7:19). Noun, common, feminine, singular, construct.

Psalm 119:1 “of the LORD” יְהוָֽה יהוה yhwh Yahweh יהוה (yhwh) (yeh-ho-vaw'): n.pr.; ≡ Str 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074; TWOT 484a—(true God) ( NJB ) Yahweh: Jehovah, the L ORD as an euphemism for Adonai, most versions the name of the one true God, with a focus on sure existence and His relationship to his covenant persons and peoples (Ex 3:15). Noun, proper name.

Psalm 119:2 “Blessed” אַשְׁרֵ ֥ י אַשְׁרֵי ʾǎš·rê (eh'-sher) happy, blessed is he who. אַשְׁרֵי (ʾǎš·rê): n.[masc.]; plural; ≡ Str 835; TWOT 183a—LN – blessed!, how happy!, i.e., a heightened state of happiness and joy, or, bliss, implying very favorable circumstance and enjoyment (Dt 33:29; 1Ki 10:8 (2×) ; 2Ch 9:7 (2×) ; Job 5:17; Ps 1:1; 2:12; 32:1, 2; 33:12; 34:9[EB 8]; 40:5[EB 4]; 41:2[EB 1]; 65:5[EB 4]; 84:5[EB 4],6[EB 5],13[EB 12]; 89:16[EB 15]; 94:12; 106:3; 112:1; 119:1, 2; 127:5; 128:1, 2; 137:8, 9; 144:15 (2×) ; 146:5; Pr 3:13; 8:32, 34; 14:21; 16:20; 20:7; 28:14; 29:18; Ecc 10:17; Isa 30:18; 32:20; 56:2; Da 12:12+). Particle, interjection.

Psalm 119:2 “are those who keep” נֹצְרֵ ֥ י נצר nṣr to keep watch, watch over, keep from; to protect, preserve; to observe, comply with נָצַר (nā·ṣǎr): v.; ≡ Str 5341; TWOT 1407—1. (qal) preserve, keep, maintain, protect, i.e., cause to be safe from danger, implying a relationship with the protector (Ps 40:12[EB 11]); 2. (qal pass.) spared, kept safe, i.e., pertaining to being free from danger, as an extension of keeping a valuable hidden (Isa 49:6; Eze 6:12+); 3. (qal) keep, observe, comply, i.e., obey a command (Ps 78:7); 4. (qal pass.) secret, be hidden, i.e., pertaining to things not readily known (Isa 48:6; 65:4+); 5. (qal pass.) be crafty, i.e., pertaining to being evil and damaging, with a focus that the actions are secretive or underhanded (Pr 7:10+). Verb, qal, participle, masculine, plural, construct.

Psalm 119:2 “His testimonies” עֵדֹתָ ֗ יו עֵדוּת ʿē·ḏûṯ witness, testimony; laws, legal provisions עֵדוּת (ʿē·ḏûṯh): n.fem.; ≡ Str 5715 (5713?), 7802; TWOT 1576f—1. statute, stipulation, regulation, i.e., a principle or contingent-particular point of law, having authority to give consequences for not keeping, with a possible focus that these commands serve as a warning, urging, or witness to the covenant agreement (1Ki 2:3; Ps 19:8[EB 7]); 2. unit: הַ־ עֵדוּת (hǎ- ʿē·ḏûṯ) the Testimony, i.e., a written copy on stone of the precepts and stipulations of the covenant given to Moses, functioning as a witness between the parties (Ex 16:34), note: in some contexts this can refer to the tablets and the container (ark) they are contained in; 3. unit: שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת (šû·šǎn ʿē·ḏûṯ) Lily of the Testimony, i.e., a musical direction of some unknown type, possibly a tune (Ps 60:1[EB title]; Ps 80:1[EB title]+). Noun, common, feminine, plural, construct, third person, masculine, singular.

Psalm 119:2 “with the whole heart” בבְּכָל־לֵ ֥ ב בְּ b in, at, among, upon, with, away from, when 928 בְּ־ (b): prep.; ≡ TWOT 193—1. in, i.e., a marker of position within certain limits, contrasted with being outside an area, even in a three dimensional area (Ge 1:22), cf. also 1198; 2. among, i.e., a marker of a position within an area, defined by the objects around it (Ge 41:3); 3. on, over, i.e., a marker of a position upon the surface of an object (Ge 9:7b); 4. at, by, i.e., a marker of a position in proximity or near vicinity to another object (Ge 38:14b); 5. in, i.e., a marker of a state or condition (Isa 16:5); 6. into, i.e., a marker of an extension toward a goal, which is inside an area (Ge 10:6a); 7. in, i.e., a marker of association (Nu 14:11a); 8. with, i.e., a marker of attendant circumstances, implying means (Ge 3:16a); 9. with, by what means, i.e., a marker of an immediate instrument (1Ki 22:21); 10. with, i.e., a marker of … particle, preposition כֹּל kōl all, the whole, everyone, everybody, everything; total, in all 3972 כֹּל (kōl): n.masc.; ≡ Str 3605; TWOT 985a—1. all, every, any, i.e., the totality of any object, mass, collective, extension (Ge 1:26; 3:17); 2. any, i.e., any one of a totality (Ge 2:16); 3. completely, i.e., with a degree of totality (Ge 20:16; Job 21:23; Jer 13:7, 10); 4. total, i.e., pertaining to being entire or whole, with a focus on the totality of the object or idea (Ex 29:18; Nu 5:30); 5. every kind of, every sort of, i.e., a totality of kinds or sorts (Ge 7:2); 6. unit: כֹּל הַ־ יוֹם (kōl hǎ- yôm)1 always, i.e., a duration of time, either continuous or points, but without limits (Dt 5:29; 1Ki 5:15[EB 1]); 7. LN 67.1–67.16 unit: כֹּל הַ־ יוֹם (kōl hǎ- yôm)1 regularly, i.e., points of time connected to regular intervals (Job 1:5); 8. unit: כֹּל עוֹלָם (kōl ʿô·lām) everlasting, eternal, i.e., an unlimited duration of time (Ps 145:13). noun, common, masculine, singular, construct

Psalm 119:2 “with the whole heart” בְּכָל־לֵ ֥ ב לֵ ֥ ב לֵב lēḇ the heart; one’s inner self; inclination, disposition; determination, courage; will, intention; attention, consideration, reason לֵב (lēḇ): n.masc.; ≡ Str 3820; TWOT 1071a—1. heart, i.e., the blood pumping organ of the body (Ps 38:11[EB 10]; Hos 13:8); 2. chest, formally, heart, i.e., the thorax cavity of a creature (Job 41:16[EB 24]); 3. heart, mind, soul, spirit, self, i.e., the source of life of the inner person in various aspects, with a focus on feelings, thoughts, volition, and other areas of the inner life (Isa 57:15; Ecc 2:1); 4. middle, center, midst, formally, heart, i.e., a position among or in the middle, relatively to other points of space (Ex 15:9); 5. unit: (qal) אָבַד לֵב (ʾā·ḇǎḏ lēḇ) lose courage, formally, ruin of heart, i.e., be in a state of hopelessness, lacking confidence in a future situation (Jer 4:9); 6. unit: (qal) אָבַד אֵת לֵב (ʾā·ḇǎḏ ʾēṯ lēḇ) internal corruption, formally, ruin the heart, i.e., engage in a behavior which is a moral deviation from what is right (Ecc 7:7); 7. unit: לֵב אַבִּיר … noun, common, masculine, singular, absolute

Psalm 119:2 “who seek Him” יִדְרְשֽׁוּהוּ דרשׁ drš to seek with care, care for; to enquire about, investigate; to be intent on; to make supplication 2011 דָּרַשׁ (dā·rǎš): v.; ≡ Str 1875; TWOT 455—1. (qal) seek, inquire, consult, find out, i.e., learn information not previously known (Ex 18:15); (qal pass.) be sought after (Isa 62:12+); (nif) let search, allow inquiry (1Ch 26:31; Isa 65:1; Eze 14:3 (2×); 20:3, 31(2×); 36:37+); 2. (qal) account for, require, i.e., give a responsible presentation of an action or wrong done, reporting to a superior (Ge 9:5); 3. (qal) look for, seek, i.e., try to find out information about a person or event (Dt 4:29); 4 (qal) care for, care about, formally, seek after, i.e., take actions which nourish and keep safe, with an implication that one cherishes or desires the object (Dt 11:12); 5. LN 34.42–34.49 (qal) have a relationship, formally, seek, i.e., join in a relationship as an extension of seeking the presence of a person so as to relate to them in some way (2Ch 22:9); 6. (qal) petition, ask, formally, seek, i.e., make a request … verb, qal, imperfect, third person, masculine, plural, third person, masculine, singular