Hoofed Animals Follow along with your chart and make any additions or corrections that you may need. (If you need a replacement chart, tell the teacher now!) Follow along with your chart and make any additions or corrections that you may need. (If you need a replacement chart, tell the teacher now!) Remember that you will be allowed to utilize this resource during the exam. Remember that you will be allowed to utilize this resource during the exam. The deer family is cervidae. If the family is anything other than cervidae, it is not in the deer family. The deer family is cervidae. If the family is anything other than cervidae, it is not in the deer family.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Odocoileus Species: columbianus Doe and fawn Young Black-tailed Deer

Buck : only males grow antlers Sexual Dimorphism: Found in the Pacific Northwest, especially in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Native to North America Preferred Habitat: Forests and edge

Feeding: Blacktails are browsersin winter and early spring and then mix in grasses and a wide variety of herbs, as well as browse, in summer and fall. Feeding: Blacktails are browsers in winter and early spring and then mix in grasses and a wide variety of herbs, as well as browse, in summer and fall. Distinguishing Features: -Smallest of the three native deer species (mule, black- tailed, white-tailed). -Smallest of the three native deer species (mule, black- tailed, white-tailed). - Antlers in forked pairs, like mule deer. - Almost no rump patch with wide, black-surfaced tail. - Light face and muzzle but forehead not dark. - When startled will run with high, stiff-legged bounce. Breeding: Blacktails are polygamous. They use scent to locate each other during the breeding period. Males tend to follow one female at a time until breeding occurs or a larger male comes along and displaces them.

Mule Deer Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Odocoileus Species: hemionus Found throughout the entire western United States, including the four deserts of the American Southwest. Native to North America Buck Doe Preferred Habitat: Brushy vegetation

Feeding: Mule Deer are browsers and eat a great variety of vegetable matter, including fresh green leaves, twigs, lower branches of trees, and various grasses. Breeding: Mule deer are polygamous. They use scent to determine when females are ready for breeding. Males may gather groups of females during peek breeding season and fight to defend the group. Distinguishing Features: - Large ears that move constantly (like a mule) - Peculiar and distinctive bounding leap - Dark forehead marking - Antlers in forked pairs on males only Fawn

Sika Deer – often called “Asian Elk” They are inhabitants of Japan and live naturally throughout eastern Asia, They have been introduced in several US states, including Maryland, Virginia, Texas, Oklahoma and Wisconsin. They are inhabitants of Japan and live naturally throughout eastern Asia, including parts of Korea, Siberia, China, Vietnam, Taiwan. They have been introduced in New Zealand, Europe, Australia, and several US states, including Maryland, Virginia, Texas, Oklahoma and Wisconsin. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Cervus Species: nippon Cows or Hinds Bull or Stag Preferred Habitat: Forests or Marshy terrains

Feeding: Some sika deer are considered grazers while others are browsers Feeding: Some sika deer are considered grazers while others are browsers. It depends on the geographic location. Sika deer feed on plants, grasses, marsh vegetation and agricultural crops. Breeding:polygamous They use a “bugling” call and scent to attract females and defend their territory/harem Breeding: Males are polygamous and gather harems of females during the breeding season. They use a “bugling” call and scent to attract females and defend their territory/harem. Distinguishing Features: Antlers sweep backward(males only) - Antlers sweep backward (males only) - Maintain spots - Maintain spots into adulthood white rump patch - Flare a white rump patch when alarmed - Males have a dark mane during the rut Calves

Rocky Mountain Elk – also called “Wapiti” Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Cervus Species: elaphus Today, about one million elk live in the western United States, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina, and from Ontario west in Canada Elk are native to North America Bull with 3 Cows

Preferred Habitat: Woodlands with large open areas Feeding: Elk are grazers. Feeding: Elk are grazers. Elk prefer grass, but regularly feed on shrub and browse species during winter months. Bulls in velvet

Breeding:Elk are polygamous. Males use “bugling” vocalizations and scent to attract a harem of females Breeding: Elk are polygamous. Males use “bugling” vocalizations and scent to attract a harem of females during the breeding season. They will fight to defend their harem. Distinguishing Features: - Much larger than deer or caribou. Second largest member of the deer family. deer family. cream colored rump - Large, cream colored rump patch have upper canine teeth called “ivories”. - Both sexes have upper canine teeth called “ivories”. Males antlers sweep gracefully back - Males antlers sweep gracefully back over the shoulders Bull bugling Calf

Moose Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Alces Species: alces In North America, the moose range includes almost all of Canada (excluding the arctic), most of Alaska, northern New England and upstate New York, the Rocky Mountains, northeastern Minnesota, Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, and Isle Royale in Lake Superior. Bull Moose are native to North America

Preferred Habitat: Boreal forests & wetlands Feeding: Moose are browsers. Feeding: Moose are browsers. During fall and winter, moose consume large quantities of willow, birch, and aspen twigs. During summer, moose feed on vegetation in shallow ponds and the leaves of birch, willow, and aspen. Breeding: Moose are polygamous.The bull moose will wallow in his own urine during the breeding season.The scent attracts females. The bulls and the cows both make vocalizations to attract each other during breeding season. Breeding: Moose are polygamous. The bull moose will wallow in his own urine during the breeding season. The scent attracts females. The bulls and the cows both make vocalizations to attract each other during breeding season. Cow with calf

Distinguishing Features: -Largest member of the deer family -Long legs -Humpat the front shoulder blades -Hump at the front shoulder blades -Flap of skin on the neck -Flap of skin on the neck called a dewlap or “bell” (Both sexes) palmate antlers on the males only -Large palmate antlers on the males only -Long nose with a drooping lip Bull moose

Caribou – also called Reindeer Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: Rangifer Species: tarandus They are Native to North America. Caribou are found in northern regions of North America, Europe, Asia, and Greenland. They are Native to North America. Bulls

Distinguishing Features: large, concave hoofs used as snowshoes, paddles, and shovels. - Caribou have large, concave hoofs used as snowshoes, paddles, and shovels. both sexes grow antlers - Caribou are the only member of the deer family in which both sexes grow antlers. Antlers of adult bulls are large and massive; those of adult cows are much shorter and are usually more slender and irregular. Preferred Habitat: Old conifer forests & tundra Bulls grow palmate surfaces and a shovel between the eyes. These features do not appear on the female’s antlers. Bull Cow

Breeding: Caribou are polygamous Scent is important to the caribou during their breeding season. Breeding: Caribou are polygamous. Bull caribou control a space around themselves, and prevent other bulls from breeding with females within their space. Caribou breeding season lasts for only one week. Scent is important to the caribou during their breeding season. Feeding: Caribou are grazing herbivores Feeding: Caribou are grazing herbivores. In summer, caribou eat the leaves of willows, sedges (grasslike plants), flowering tundra plants, and mushrooms. They switch to lichens, dried sedges and small shrubs for winter.

Found from southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, through the American plains states south to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and into Mexico. Pronghorn Antelope Pronghorns are Native only to North America Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Antilocapridae Genus: Antilocapra Species: americana Buck, doe, and fawns

Feeding: Grazing herbivores Feeding: Grazing herbivores that generally feed on grass, sagebrush, and other vegetation. Breeding: Pronghorns are polygamous. Scent is used to do this. Breeding: Pronghorns are polygamous. Come spring, bucks start defending a territory and amassing a harem of 2-15 does. Scent is used to do this. Preferred Habitat: Open sagebrush grasslands Fawn

The male pronghorn's horns can grow to be 10 inches long with a forward-facing prong, or fork, giving the animal its name: pronghorn. Female pronghorn also have horns, but they are much smaller than the males', growing up to 6 inches long. Distinguishing Features: white stripes on their throats - wide, white stripes on their throats. white rump patch - white rump patch forked horns that shed each year - have forked horns that shed each year! fast - can sprint as fast as 60 mph and can sustain a speed of 30 mph for miles! - Eyes are unusually large, about 2 inches in diameter - Both genders have horns - Both genders have horns although the male's are much bigger than the female's. Doe Buck

Bison Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: Bison Species: bison Prairies and woodlands in isolated pockets through midwestern Canada and the United States. Bison are native to North America

Breeding:males will bellow They are polygamous Scent is also important Breeding: During the breeding seasons males will bellow - a sound which may carry up to 3 miles. They are polygamous and dominant bulls attempt to keep a small group of females for mating. Scent is also important for communicating during breeding season. Feeding: Bison are year round grazers Feeding: Bison are year round grazers. They feed primarly on grasses, but when food is scarce, they will eat vegetation such as sagebrush. Cow and calf Preferred Habitat: Open grasslands

Distinguishing Features: Distinguishing Features: shoulders are massive and humped - The shoulders are massive and humped woolly forehead - Have a huge head with a woolly forehead giving the head a mop-like appearance between the horns. beard beneath the chin - There is a beard beneath the chin. short horns are present in both sexes - The short horns are present in both sexes and arch backwards, outwards, and then upwards, curving slightly in at the blunt tips. hair is longer in the front than in the rear - The hair is longer in the front than in the rear. The distinction between hair length is most noticeable in males. Bull

Bighorn Sheep Ranges from Nevada and California to west Texas and south into Mexico. Bighorn sheep are native to North America Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: Ovis Species: canadensis

Preferred Habitat: Grassy mountain slopes Feeding: Bighorn are primarily grazers Feeding: Bighorn are primarily grazers, consuming grasses, sedges, and forbs, but will eat young twigs, leaves, and shoots when preferred food is scarce. Breeding: Bighorn sheep are polygamous. Scent is used Breeding: Bighorn sheep are polygamous. Males fight in head to head combat to establish breeding rights. Scent is used to signal estrus. Ram Ewe with Lamb

Distinguishing Features: hooves are sharp-edged with soft middles - Split hooves are sharp-edged with soft middles. Have white rumps and muzzles - Have white rumps and muzzles. Both sexes grow horns - Both sexes grow horns. A Rocky Mountain bighorn ram's horns can weigh 30 pounds (more than all the bones in his body combined). Females also have horns, but they are of smaller size. Ram Ewe Lamb

Mountain Goat Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: Oreamnos Species: americanus Mountainous regions in western Canada and the northwestern United States. Native to North America

Preferred Habitat: Steep, rocky cliffs Feeding: Mountain goats graze They also browse Feeding: Mountain goats graze on grasses and forbs in summer. They also browse on shrubs and conifers. Their diet is variable in the winter when they feed on mosses, lichens, grasses, shrubs, and conifers. Breeding: Mountain goats have a polygamous mating system scent glands that are active Breeding: Billies (male goats) may travel considerable distances in search of receptive females (nannies). Mountain goats have a polygamous mating system. Both sexes have scent glands that are active during breeding season. Nanny with kid - Winter coat Summer coat

Did You Know? From around the age of 22 months, it is possible to tell the age of a mountain goat by counting the number of rings on its horns! Distinguishing Features: a hump - A small ridge of long, soft hair on the neck forms a hump. A beard - A beard is present on the chin in both sexes. black eyes and nose white head and body - The black eyes and nose contrast greatly with the otherwise white head and body. hooves have sharp edges but soft middles - Split hooves have sharp edges but soft middles for gripping. jump nearly 12 feet - Can jump nearly 12 feet in a single bound. black, slightly curved horns are found in both sexes - The black, slightly curved horns are found in both sexes Billy in winter coat

In females the horns reach 9 inches in males about 12 inches. The horns of an adult female are more slender and bend back more sharply towards the tip. Sexes are extremely difficult to differentiate in the field unless the female is accompanied by a kid. Nanny with kids (summer) Kids Billy (winter)

Please keep your completed table in a safe location until the test!