The Plant Kingdom
Learning Goal Understand the characteristics of plants Understand the characteristics of plants Determine the difference between coniferous and deciduous trees. Determine the difference between coniferous and deciduous trees.
Seeds contain new plants A seed is the start of a new plant The have different shapes, sizes and colors Flowers make seeds Covered in a seed coat to protect and keeps tiny leaves and root inside Contains food for the new plant
seeds travel seeds travel seeds stick to socks seeds stick to socks stick to animal fur stick to animal fur seeds blow in the wind seeds blow in the wind seeds to grow need: seeds to grow need: Soil Soil Water Water Sunlight Sunlight Seeds are planted to grow in the gardens Seeds are planted to grow in the gardens
Stage 1 Stage 1 Germ grows inside seed Germ grows inside seed Stage 2 Stage 2 Plant shoots up from germ Plant shoots up from germ Roots develop down from germ Roots develop down from germ Stage 3 Stage 3 Leaves develop Leaves develop Roots grow Roots grow Plants’ Stages
Stage 4 Stage 4 Flower buds grow Flower buds grow Stage 5 Stage 5 Full-grown plant Full-grown plant Leaves, stems, flowers and roots Leaves, stems, flowers and roots
Plant Parts Stems Stems Have little tubes that carry water and food to the rest of the plant Have little tubes that carry water and food to the rest of the plant Hold up leaves and flowers of the plant Hold up leaves and flowers of the plant Grass, flowers, and vines have soft stems Grass, flowers, and vines have soft stems Roots Roots Collect water and minerals for the plant Collect water and minerals for the plant They hold the plant in the ground They hold the plant in the ground Some plants store food in the roots Some plants store food in the roots
Leaves Make food for the plant Green leaves + air + sunlight = plant food F lowers FFFFlowers are many sizes, colors, and shapes MMMMake seeds TTTThe seeds grow into new plants
Kinds of Plants There are trees. There are trees. Parts of the tree Parts of the tree Roots Roots Trunk (is the tree’s stem) Trunk (is the tree’s stem) Branch Branch Leaves Leaves Fruit Fruit There are flowers. There are flowers. There are bushes. There are bushes.
Parts of the plants that we can eat Seeds Seeds Corn Corn Roots Roots Potatoes Potatoes Carrots Carrots Leaves Leaves Lettuce Lettuce Spinach Spinach Stem Stem celery celery
11 How Does A Tree Get Its Name?
12 Classification Classification is the grouping of things according to how they are alike or different. Classification is the grouping of things according to how they are alike or different. We group things everyday. We group things everyday. Grouping things makes it easier to remember. Grouping things makes it easier to remember.
13 Did You Know A Tree Has A Name? Scientist give trees their very own two-part scientific name. Scientist give trees their very own two-part scientific name. They are given a genus name and a species name. They are given a genus name and a species name.
14 The Genus Name The Genus name tells what family they belong to. The Genus name tells what family they belong to. Just like your last name tells us what family you belong to. Just like your last name tells us what family you belong to. The Genus name always starts with a Capital Letter. The Genus name always starts with a Capital Letter.
15 The Species Name The Species Name is the individual name. The Species Name is the individual name. Just like your first name tells us who you are in your family. Just like your first name tells us who you are in your family. It always starts with a small letter. It always starts with a small letter.
16 How Do I Know It’s A Scientific Name? Scientists use a special type of writing. Both names are always written in italics. Scientists use a special type of writing. Both names are always written in italics. Quercus virginiana Quercus virginiana Oak Tree-Common Name Oak Tree-Common Name
17 A Key to Common Trees In Ontario We use the leaf, seed and bark as the primary features to identify trees.
18 Let’s Look At A Tree’s Shape There are 3 basic types of trees. There are 3 basic types of trees. It is useful to look at the general shape of the tree as a starting point to identify the type of tree you are looking at. It is useful to look at the general shape of the tree as a starting point to identify the type of tree you are looking at.
19 Three Basic Groups of Trees palms, coniferous, and deciduous. palms, coniferous, and deciduous.
20 No leaves, Oh No! Coniferous trees have leaves that are different from a Deciduous tree. They have seeds in cones. They do not lose their leaves in the autumn. They stay green year round. They have needles and scales instead. The needles and scales are sticky and have a scent. Don’t eat them because they are poisonous!
22 Is it a CONIFER or a DECIDUOUS tree? CONIFER CONIFERS are trees & shrubs with needles: pine, spruce, fir, cedar, juniper, and tamarack. They retain their needles year-round (except for Tamarack). CONIFERS are trees & shrubs with needles: pine, spruce, fir, cedar, juniper, and tamarack. They retain their needles year-round (except for Tamarack). CONIFERS CONIFERS DECIDUOUS trees & shrubs are all others. The leaves of DECIDUOUS trees & shrubs die every autumn and are usually shed (some species retain some or all of their dead leaves until the following spring). DECIDUOUS trees & shrubs are all others. The leaves of DECIDUOUS trees & shrubs die every autumn and are usually shed (some species retain some or all of their dead leaves until the following spring).
23 Deciduous Trees Deciduous trees shed their leaves in the autumn. Many deciduous trees are broad- leaved trees. Broad-leaved trees have broad, flat leaves. Deciduous trees shed their leaves in the autumn. Many deciduous trees are broad- leaved trees. Broad-leaved trees have broad, flat leaves.
24 Did you know that???? Did you know that???? There are four main forest regions in Ontario: Boreal, Boreal Barrens, Great Lakes St. Lawrence and Carolinian. There are four main forest regions in Ontario: Boreal, Boreal Barrens, Great Lakes St. Lawrence and Carolinian.regions 58.0 million hectares of forested land out of a total million hectares of land and water million hectares of forested land out of a total million hectares of land and water. 88% of the inventoried, productive forest land is publicly owned; 11% is private land, one-half of which is in northern Ontario, and the remaining 1% is federal land. 88% of the inventoried, productive forest land is publicly owned; 11% is private land, one-half of which is in northern Ontario, and the remaining 1% is federal land. There are about a quarter of a million lakes, thousands of rivers and streams, and large portions of the Great Lakes, which hold nearly 20% of the world's fresh water. Approximately one-half of the people directly and indirectly dependent on the forest industry live in southern Ontario. There are about a quarter of a million lakes, thousands of rivers and streams, and large portions of the Great Lakes, which hold nearly 20% of the world's fresh water. Approximately one-half of the people directly and indirectly dependent on the forest industry live in southern Ontario. Ontario's forests are home to over 3, 600 species of plants and animals, of which 21 plants and 9 animals are considered endangered or threatened. Ontario's forests are home to over 3, 600 species of plants and animals, of which 21 plants and 9 animals are considered endangered or threatened. About 40% of the species at risk in Canada occurs in this province, and the majority of those are from southern Ontario. About 40% of the species at risk in Canada occurs in this province, and the majority of those are from southern Ontario. Ontario's forests and waters are the main recreational areas for both residents and tourists. Ontario's forests and waters are the main recreational areas for both residents and tourists. Ontario's forest industry produces $11 billion worth of products that contribute over $2 billion to Ontario's balance of trade or $200 for every person annually. Ontario's forest industry produces $11 billion worth of products that contribute over $2 billion to Ontario's balance of trade or $200 for every person annually. The recreational fisheries on Ontario waters provide more than $2.3 billion in added value to the economy. The recreational fisheries on Ontario waters provide more than $2.3 billion in added value to the economy.
25 ABSORBING POLLUTANTS Trees keep our air supply fresh by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen Trees keep our air supply fresh by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen In one year, a single tree can absorb as much carbon as is produced by a car driven 26, 000 miles In one year, a single tree can absorb as much carbon as is produced by a car driven 26, 000 miles Trees provide shade and shelter, reducing yearly heating and cooling costs by $2.1 billion Trees provide shade and shelter, reducing yearly heating and cooling costs by $2.1 billion Trees lower air temperature by evaporating water into their leaves Trees lower air temperature by evaporating water into their leaves The average tree in the metropolitan area survives only eight years The average tree in the metropolitan area survives only eight years A tree does not reach its most productive stage of carbon storage for about ten years A tree does not reach its most productive stage of carbon storage for about ten years Trees cut down noise pollution by acting as sound barriers Trees cut down noise pollution by acting as sound barriers Tree roots stabilize the soil and prevent erosion Tree roots stabilize the soil and prevent erosion Trees improve water quality by slowing and filtering rain water as well as reduce storm run off and the possibility of flooding Trees improve water quality by slowing and filtering rain water as well as reduce storm run off and the possibility of flooding Trees provide food and shelter for wildlife Trees provide food and shelter for wildlife Trees located along the streets act as a glare and reflection control Trees located along the streets act as a glare and reflection control The death of one 70 year old tree would return over three tons of carbon to the atmosphere The death of one 70 year old tree would return over three tons of carbon to the atmosphere Trees renew our air supply by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen Trees renew our air supply by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen Two mature trees can provide enough oxygen for a family of four Two mature trees can provide enough oxygen for a family of four One tree produces nearly 260 pounds of oxygen each year One tree produces nearly 260 pounds of oxygen each year One acre of trees removes up to 2.6 tons of carbon dioxide each year One acre of trees removes up to 2.6 tons of carbon dioxide each year Shade trees can make buildings up to twenty degrees cooler in the summer Shade trees can make buildings up to twenty degrees cooler in the summer
Deciduous or Coniferous
27 Maple
28 Cedar
29 Oak
30 Red Pine
31 Ash
32 Larch
33 Hemlock
34 Poplar