Protozoa 原蟲 Unicellular organisms Worldwide distribution From 1 μm to 500 μm in cell size 10,000/65,000 are parasitic protozoa Medically important protozoa are restricted to 17 genera Locomotion of protozoa Flagella 鞭毛 1-8 flagella Cilia 纖毛 Pseudopodia 偽足

Reproduction of protozoa Asexual reproduction ◎ Binary fission 二分裂生殖 ◎ Multiple fission or schizogony 裂殖體 ◎ Endodyogeny 內出芽生殖 Sexual reproduction ◎ Conjugation 接合作用 ◎ Syngamy 配子結合

Headings of human infection protozoa 1. Amoebae Infecting Man 阿米巴 2. Intestinal and Genital Flagellates 消化及生殖道鞭毛蟲 3. Haemoflagellates 血液鞭毛蟲 4. Balantidium coli 大腸纖毛蟲 5. Malaria Parasites 瘧原蟲 and Babesia spp 巴貝斯蟲 6. Toxoplasma 弓漿蟲, Sarcocystis 肉孢子蟲, Isospora 球蟲 & Cryptosporidia 隱孢子蟲 7. Microsporidia 微孢子蟲 8. Blastocystis hominis 人芽胞阿米巴

ClassOrderSuborderGenus ZoomatigophoreaKinetoplastidaTrypanosomatina Leishmania 利什曼 Trypanosoma 錐蟲 Retortamonadida Chilomastix 脣形 Retortamonas DiplomonadidaEnteromonadian Deplomonadina Enteromonas Giardia 梨形 Trichomonadida Dientamoeba 雙核 Trichomonas 滴蟲 Classification of the medically important protozoa Phylum Sarcomastigophora 根鞭蟲門 Subphylum Mastigophora 鞭毛蟲亞門 Kingdom ： Protista 原生生物 Subkingdom ： Protozoa 原生動物

ClassOrderSuborderGenus LoboseaAmoebidaTubulina Acanthopodina Entamoeba 阿米巴 Acanthamoeba 棘阿米巴 Schizopyrenida Naegleria 內格里阿米巴 Classification of the medically important protozoa Phylum Sarcomastigophora 根鞭蟲門 Subphylum Sarcodina 變形蟲亞門 Superclass Rhizopoda

SubclassOrderSuborderGenus Coccidia 球蟲 EucoccidiinaEimeriina Isospora 球蟲 Sarcocystis 肉胞子蟲 Toxoplasma 弓蟲 Cryptosporidium 隱胞子蟲 Haemosporina Plasmodium 瘧原蟲 PiroplasmiaPiroplasmida Babesia 巴貝斯蟲 Classification of the medically important protozoa Phylum Apicomplexa 頂聚孢子蟲門 Class Sporozoea 孢子蟲綱

SubclassOrderSuborderGenus VestibuliferiaTrichostomatidaTrichostomatinaBalamtodium 纖毛蟲 Classification of the medically important protozoa Phylum Ciliophora 纖毛蟲門 Class Kinetofragminophorea

Pathogenic intestinal Amoeba Entamoeba histolytica 赤痢阿米巴 Geographic distribution Worldwide distribution; 10% Tropical countries; 30% Increase in susceptibility during steroid and cytotoxic therapy Increase in tissue invasion during Large intestine cancer; trichuriasis; schistosomiasis