End Show Slide 1 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 2 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Natural selection and other processes have led to a staggering diversity of organisms. Biologists have identified and named about 1.5 million species so far. They estimate that 2–100 million additional species have yet to be discovered.

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 3 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Why Classify? 1. public health / disease control: parasites & hosts 2. identifying species important to preserving ecosystems 3. To monitor evolution as new species appear Why Classify?

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 4 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Why Classify? Taxonomy is: –the discipline of organizing and classifying the diversity of life –assigning each organism a universally accepted scientific name.

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 5 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Assigning Scientific Names Why assign Scientific Names? Common names of organisms vary and can be confusing. 1.There can be more than one name for the same organism. Ex: puma, mountain lion, cougar. 2. Different languages have different names for the same organism.

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 6 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3. Common names can lead us to believe that an organism is something that it’s really not. ringworm is not a worm hedgehogs are but really a fungus not really hogs (pigs)

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 7 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Assigning Scientific Names Scientific Naming : Carolus Linneaus developed a naming system called binomial nomenclature. In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. The scientific name is italicized or underlined. Latin is used for scientific names because is a universal language.

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 8 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Assigning Scientific Names - The first part of the name is the genus to which the organism belongs. The genus name is capitalized. - The second part of the name is unique to each species within the genus. The species name is lowercased.

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 9 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall E. Linnaeus also grouped organisms into categories that showed specific relatedness between organisms Linnaeus's seven levels of classification are— from largest to smallest. Kingdom King Phylum Philip Class Came Order Over Family For Genus Great Species Spaghetti Linnaeus's System of Classification

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 10 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall KINGDOM Animalia Black bear Giant panda Grizzly bear Red fox Sea star Abert squirrel Coral snake Each level is called a taxon, or taxonomic category The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories. Linnaeus's System of Classification

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 11 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Linnaeus's System of Classification. Species and genus are the two smallest categories. Grizzly bear Black bear

End Show 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Slide 12 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Red fox Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Sea star Coral snake Abert squirrel Linnaeus's System of Classification

End Show Slide 13 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Which statement about classification is true? a.Biologists use regional names for organisms. b.Biologists use a common classification system based on similarities that have scientific significance. c.Biologists have identified and named most species found on Earth. d.Taxonomy uses a combination of common and scientific names to make the system more useful.

End Show Slide 14 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Linnaeus's two-word naming system is called a.binomial nomenclature. b.taxonomy. c.trinomial nomenclature. d.classification.

End Show Slide 15 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Several different classes make up a(an) a.family. b.species. c.kingdom. d.phylum.

End Show Slide 16 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 A group of closely related species is a(an) a.class. b.genus. c.family. d.order.

End Show Slide 17 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Which of the following lists the terms in order from the group with the most species to the group with the least? a.order, phylum, family, genus b.family, genus, order, phylum c.phylum, class, order, family d.genus, family, order, phylum