Ch 7 sections 4-5 p._____

CClassification –The process of grouping things based on their similarities Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

 Taxonomy-  The science of identifying, classifying, and naming things. CCarolus Linnaeus ( ) Swedish Botanist that selected physical characteristic that led to classification based on relationships of organisms. Also invented the 2 word naming system - Binomial Nomenclature. Usually written in Latin

 Scientific name- –An organism’s genus species in Latin or Greek. The genus is written with a capital letter and the species is with a lower case letter. Ex: Homo sapien (human) Felis domestica (cat) Genusspecies

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Didn’t King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti  Levels of Classification Mnemonic device

As you move down the levels of classification, the # of organisms decreases. The organisms at lower levels share more characteristics with each other Do robins have more in common with lions or with owls? Explain

 Domains and Kingdoms –Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on their cell type, their ability to make food, and the number of cells they have. –The 3 domains are: ProtistsFungiPlantsAnimals Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

BBranching Tree Diagrams Scientists draw branching tree diagrams to show the probable evolutionary relationships among organisms.

BBranching Tree Diagrams A branching diagram shows evolutionary relationships by grouping them based on shared derived characteristic. A shared derived characteristic is usually a homologous structure, such as a backbone, that is shared by all organisms in a group. Characteristics that appear lower on a branching tree probably developed before characteristics higher on the tree

BBranching Tree Diagrams A label indicates a shared derived characteristic All the organisms ABOVE the label have the trait Reptiles Amphibians Egg with shell Fishes Four limbs Backbone Invertebrates Ancestor of animals

BBranching Tree Diagrams Examples: –All organisms shown except for the invertebrates have a backbone. –Which characteristic developed first, a backbone or limbs? –Come up with another example: Reptiles Amphibians Egg with shell Fishes Four limbs Backbone Invertebrates Ancestor of animals

CConstructing a Branching Tree 1.At the base of tree, write “common ancestor” 2.Just above the common ancestor, put the group of organisms with none of the characteristics 3.On the next higher fork, put the group with one of the shared derived characteristics 4.On the branch above that, put the organism with the two characteristics 5.Continue this until you get to the organism with the greatest number of shared derived characteristics

CConstructing a Branching Tree LET’S PRACTICE! Turn to p.256 in your science textbook and look at the data table called Characteristics of Plants. Complete the Analyzing Data activity on pg 113 in your SN - answer questions Interpreting Data 2. Interpreting Data 3. Drawing conclusions 4. Inferring