The science of naming and classifying organisms.

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Presentation transcript:

The science of naming and classifying organisms. Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms.

Classification Scheme Domain—all organisms Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species—one type of organism

ClassificationScheme Domain—all organisms Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species—one type of organism

Taxonomy cont… Carolus Linnaeus = Swedish biologist who developed a system for naming and classifying organisms in the 1750’s. Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, which is a two word system for naming organisms.

Scientific Names Rules: The first name is always the genus. The second name is always the species. The first letter of the genus is always capitalized The first letter of the species is always lower case. Italicized or underlined. Written in Latin. Homo sapiens

Classification Scheme Kingdom King Phylum Philip Class Comes Order Over Family For Genus Good Species spaghetti

Humans Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordate Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Homidae Genus Homo Species sapien

Bonobo Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordate Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Pongidae Genus Pan Species paniscus

House Cat Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordate Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Felidae Genus Felis Species domesticus

Lion Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordate Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Felidae Genus Panthera (Felis) Species leo

Housefly Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insect Order Diptera Family Muscidae Genus Musca Species domestica

Dichotomous Key Method used for classifying an unknown organisms Contains pairs of contrasting descriptions After each description, the user will be directed to another pair of descriptions The organism will be identified by the contrasting descriptions

1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton ………go to step 2 b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton ……….go to step 3 2. a. body has a round shape ……….ladybug b. body has an elongated shape ……….grasshopper 3. a. wings point out from the side of the body ……….dragonfly b. wings point to the back of the body ……….housefly

Cladogram Shows the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms Based on ancestral character (common ancestor of group—example bird & mammal have backbone) and derived character (evolved in ancestor of one group but not the other—example feathers on birds but not on mammals)

Characters A B C D E Wall gecko 1 Crowned lemur Catfish Human Bullfrog