Adenovirus William Cheng Argelia Torres Michelle Wittig

Overview of Presentation Review –Classification, Morphology, Physical Properties Presentation of Case Study –Symptoms and Syndrome –Sources and Transmission –Tests, Prevention and Treatment

Classification Family Adenoviridae –Genus Aviadenovirus Infect birds only –Genus Atadenovirus Broad range of species –Genus Mastadenovirus Infect mammals only –Genus Siadenovirus Infect frogs and turkeys

Morphology Linear DS DNA Virus No Envelope Iscosahedral symmetry 252 capsomers, with 12 vertices. –12 Filaments protrude from penton bases

Physical Properties The thermal inactivation point is at 56°C Under in vitro conditions virions are stable when stored at -20°C Stable in acid environment of pH 5-6 Virions are not sensitive to treatment with lipid solvents. All of the above allow for prolonged survival outside of the host body

Endocytosis Adenovirus attachment mediated by the fiber which binds a specific receptors Virus migrates to clathrin coated pits to form a receptosome and become internalized Virus capsid proteins broken down in the endosome (lower pH). Viral core and some capsid proteins associate with microtubules in the cytoplasm and allows the viral DNA to enter the nucleus through nuclear pores Nucleus is the site of mRNA transcription and DNA replication

Case Study A 7-year-old boy attending summer camp complains of sore throat, headache, cough, red eyes, and tiredness and is sent to the infirmary. His temperature is 40° C. Within hours other campers and counselors visit the infirmary with similar symptoms that last 5-7 days. All of he patients have gone swimming in the camp pond. More than 50% of the people in the camp complain of symptoms similar to the original case. The public health department identifies the agent as adenovirus serotype 3.

Symptoms Fever of 104F Headache Red eyes Cough Sore throat Tiredness

Adenovirus Syndrome There are 49 distinct types of adenovirus. Serotype 3 and 7 are known for causing pharyngoconjunctival fever from summer camps and swimming pools. Symptoms include high fever lasting 4-5 days, pharyngitis (sore throat), conjunctivitis (pink eye - inflamed, red eyes), enlarged lymph nodes, headache, malaise and weakness. Since in our case study the child acquired this illness from the camp pond and has had the week long fever as well as sore throat, red eyes, head ache, and tiredness. All symptoms point to pharyngoconjunctival fever.

Likely Source of Infection Camp Pond The most likely source of infection was the camp pond. All of the patients had gone swimming there and they all had similar symptoms as the boy with the adenovirus type 3 infection. Adenovirus infections such as pharyngoconjunctival fever are characterized by febrile disease (fever) and conjunctivitis (red eye) like in this case study and are normally associated with waterborne transmission. These types of adenoviruses can be found in inadequately chlorinated swimming pools and small lakes.

Likely Routes of Transmission In general can be transmitted: In this case the three most likely routes: *direct contact *water contact *fecal-oral transmission *fomite *occasionally waterborne transmission *person-to-person Since most likely the pond water was contaminated the route of entry into the host may have been through direct contact with the eyes (conjectiva), nasopharynx, and mouth. In addition to direct contact with contaminated pond water sharing of contaminated towels, contact with contaminated surfaces such as doorknobs and faucet handles could help further spread the virus. Coughed- out droplets from an infected person can also help spread the virus onto surfaces and to others

Prevention Normal hand washing and sanitary practices Chlorination of the water –Drawback with chlorinating the pond comes from the fact that soil-bottom reservoirs are usually very turbid. The chlorine will react with organic molecules to form trihalomethanes such as chloroform, which are useless for virus protection. In addition, the virus can attach itself to particles in the water and remain viable in the water for long periods of time. Monitoring the microbiological quality of the water

Samples Throat swab sample Pond water sampleEye secretion sample Sputum sample

Lab Tests Direct antigen detection by immunofluorescence Polymerase Chain Reaction Wikimedia.org

Lab Tests Hemagglutination-inhibition assay Positive

Treatment Most infections are mild and require only treatment of observed symptoms. There is no virus-specific therapy, serious adenovirus illness can be managed only by treating complications of the infection. Deaths are rare but have been reported.

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