Classification
Do Now How would you organize the following words? Steak, football, sausage, chair, table, bacon, sofa, baseball bat, cleats, ham, bookcase
Think – Pair - Share 1. Why do scientists organize or classify living things? 2. What other systems of classification do you see in daily life?
Turn to a different partner! Try to classify the following into groups. Make a title to each group! Violet Onion Honeysuckle Dolphin Cat Bat Rosemary Oak Sea Bass Bear Crow Apple Blackberry Bush Eel Wolf Owl
Add in the following animals Bacteria Grass Octopus Amoeba Ring Worm (fungi) Cactus Does it change your classification at all?
Chapter 17.1 Taxonomy Linnaeus’s system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy. Taxonomy - the science of classification of organisms Taxon - a grouping in the classification system
Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms, called binomial nomenclature, gives each species a scientific name with two parts. The first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.
Why do we need scientific names? What is the scientific name for humans? Homo sapiens What is the scientific name for cats? Felis catus What do you notice about how I write those names?
Writing Scientific Names The first letter of the genus name always is capitalized If a scientific name is written in a printed book or magazine, it should be italicized. When a scientific name is written by hand, both parts of the name should be underlined. After the scientific name has been written completely, the genus name will be abbreviated to the first letter in later appearances (e.g., C. cardinalis).
How would you write the following names? Species: auratus Genus: carassius
Do Now – write the scientific name for the giraffe. COMMON NAME: giraffe KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Mammalia ORDER: Artiodactyla FAMILY: Giraffidae GENUS giraffa (one who walks swiftly) SPECIES: camelopardalis (camel marked like a leopard)
Determining Relationships Originally, Classification was based on similarities between organisms Now, we classify organisms based on evolutionary relationships
Classification of Living Things
Taxonomic Categories Each category is contained within another, and they are arranged from broadest to most specific.
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION COMMON NAME: giraffe KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Mammalia ORDER: Artiodactyla FAMILY: Giraffidae GENUS SPECIES: Giraffa (one who walks swiftly) camelopardalis (camel marked like a leopard)
Do Now Place the following in order of most specific to least: Phylum Species Kingdom Genus Family Domain Class
3 Domains System Archaea - Prokaryotes, extremophiles (live in extreme environments), no oxygen! Bacteria – Prokaryotes, very diverse, cell walls made of peptidoglycan. Eukarya – Eukaryotes (4 Kingdoms)
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be Organizing Life’s Diversity Kingdom Protista Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. Protists are classified into three different groups—plantlike, animal-like, and funguslike.
A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs Organizing Life’s Diversity Kingdom Fungi A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in its environment. Member of Kingdom Fungi are heterotrophic, lack motility, and have cell walls.
Members of Kingdom Plantae form the base of all terrestrial habitats. Organizing Life’s Diversity Kingdom Plantae Members of Kingdom Plantae form the base of all terrestrial habitats. All plants are multicellular and have cell walls composed of cellulose. Most plants are autotrophs, but some are heterotrophic.
All animals are heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes. Organizing Life’s Diversity Kingdom Animalia All animals are heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes. Animal organs often are organized into complex organ systems. They live in the water, on land, and in the air.
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Conclusion Activity 1. Which of these is the highest level of classification? A. class B. family C. order D. phylum 2. The five-kingdom classification system had to be changed to a three-domain, six-kingdom system because of the discovery of _______. A. fungi B. protists C. archaebacteria D. prokaryotes 3. Which kingdom contains heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes? A. Animalia B. Fungi C. Plantae D. Protista
Conclusion Activity 1. Which pair of organisms is more closely related? 1. Quercus alba 2. Cornus alba 3. Quercus rubra A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 3 D. Can’t determine 2. Why aren’t mushrooms classified as plants? A. They are heterotrophs. B. They don’t have cell walls. C. They don’t absorb nutrients from their environment. D. They lack motility—the ability to move.