CLASSIFICATION Why Classification? * Study the diversity of life * Group and name organisms in a logical manner Taxonomy: science of classifying living.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Classification of Living Things

Advertisements

Classification. Over 2 million species of organisms have been found and named Thousands of new species are being discovered each year There may be as.

Introduction to Zoology

Georgia Performance Standards:

Taxonomy “The Study of Classification”

Chapter 15: Classification

Classification of Organisms. Categories of Biological Classification Scientists Assign Organisms Two-Word Names 2,000 yrs ago, Aristotle grouped plants.

The science of naming and classifying organisms.

Classification of Living Things What is classification? w Classification is the grouping of living organisms according to similar characteristics w The.

Classification/Taxonomy

Ch 18- Classification Why do biologists organize living organisms into groups that have biological meaning? Study the diversity of life Use classification.

Classification.

Classification.

Chapter 18 Classification. Taxonomy - the science of classifying organisms and giving them a universally accepted name.

Classification Vocabulary Prokaryote – unicellular organisms without a nucleus Prokaryote – unicellular organisms without a nucleus Eukaryote – unicellular.

The Classification of Life. Classification of Life Biology » The study of life Taxonomy » Classification and naming of organisms.

Evolution Notes Chapter 2: Taxonomy and Classification 4/30/14.

Classification Organizing the Diversity of Life. Why do we classify things? – Supermarket aisles – Libraries – Classes – Teams/sports – Members of a family.

Ch. 18 Classification Systems Classification in biology, is the identification, naming, and grouping of organisms into a formal system. The vast numbers.

Chapter 2 Classification Life Over Time. What is Classification?  All Living Things are classified –Classification means to arrange organisms into groups.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification KEY CONCEPT Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities.

Organizing Life’s Diversity Classification Part 1.

1 Classification 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that.

17.1 THE HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION

17.1 History of Classification

Scientific Classification. Why Classify? Biologists must organize living things into groups that have biological meaning. Use classification system to.

 What causes variation in a population?  Why is variation important for the species to be able to adapt?

Life & Classification Notes. Introduction This class is not just a “science” class. We will study living things. The branch of science that studies all.

Finding Order in Diversity

Classification of Life

Classification Chapter 9.

1 Chapter 18- Classification. 2 I. Finding order in Diversity A. Why classify? 1. To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system.

Taxonomy and Classification Kingdoms. Basics of Taxonomy Taxonomy- branch of biology that studies the classification of organisms into increasingly specific.

Classification of Living Things. Why do we classify things?  Supermarket aisles  Libraries  Classes  Teams/sports  Members of a family  Roads 

Classifying Living Things

CLASSIFICATION Finding Order in Diversity. TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms Assigning each organism a universally accepted name.

Classification Chapter 18.

Diversity Of Life. Characteristics of Living Things Living things are made of cells. Living things obtain and use energy. Living things grow and develop.

Chapter 1 Section 2 Classification.

The History of Classification Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Early Systems of Classification Classification is the grouping of objects or organisms.

Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.

Chapter 18 Classification.

Classification the grouping of information or objects based on

CLASSIFICATION Why Classify?. INQUIRY ACTIVITY 1) Construct a table with six rows and six columns. Label each row with the name of a different fruit.

TAXONOMY The Science of Classifying Organisms. Why do we need to classify? When you have a lot of information, it is best to organize and group items.

CLASSIFICATION Chapter 17. Warm-up:  When scientists discover a new species, what is the first thing they need to do?  What is the scientific name for.

Classification of Living Things. _______________ = branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their _________________________ Does.

Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. (six kingdoms) 1 Classification is the grouping of objects based on similarities.

Classification and Taxonomy. Basics of Classification Classification – the division of organisms into groups (classes) based on specific characteristics.

Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Finding Order in Diversity Common Characteristics of all Life 1.All living things contain DNA. 2.All living things grow.

Diversity of Living Things UNIT 2: MICROBIOLOGY. 2.1 Taxonomy pg Definition: science of classifying organisms (both living & extinct) Purpose.

+ Taxonomy. + Biologist have identified and named 1.5 million species so far 2 – 100 million additional species have yet to be discovered.

Intro to CLASSIFICATION Classification : A systematic arrangement into classes or groups → Can you name some things that you might classify in your everyday.

Taxonomy and Classification Classify = group ideas, information, or objects based on similarities.

An Introduction to Classification November 29, 2010.

Classification. Taxonomy Taxonomy – classification of organisms Binomial system of nomenclature (Linnaeus) –Genus and species –Ex: Homo sapiens Taxon.

17.1 Classification Think about how things are grouped in a store or in your kitchen to help create order.

Classification Biology I. Lesson Objectives Compare Aristotle’s and Linnaeus’s methods of classifying organisms. Explain how to write a scientific name.

Animal Classification and Dichotomous Keys. Why classify? In order for biologists to study the diversity of life, organisms are classified in a universal.

17.1 Notes Classification. Classification Notes outline A. Classification Why? Taxonomy Aristotle Linnaeus B. Naming organisms common name scientific.

Taxonomy The science of naming organisms.. Aristotle 2000 years ago – only 1000 or so organisms had been “discovered” Classification system developed.

CLASSIFICATION Why Classification? * Study the diversity of life * Group and name organisms in a logical manner Taxonomy: science of classifying living.

Classification of Living Things Diversity of Life.

Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.

Classification of Organisms

Classification of Organisms

Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.

Classification.

Classification and Life Diversity

Presentation transcript:

CLASSIFICATION Why Classification? * Study the diversity of life * Group and name organisms in a logical manner Taxonomy: science of classifying living and creating scientific names

Early Classification Aristotle: 350 B.C. * Greek philosopher who classified organisms into two kingdoms: Plants or Animals Plants: size and structures Animals: behavior and habitat * What might be some problems with his system?

bio2000/biomovies/e20_1int.htmlwww.glencoe.com/sec/science/biology/ bio2000/biomovies/e20_1int.html Video Clip

Linneaus: Mid 1700s: developed a new classification system His system grouped organisms based on morphology (physical appearance) Created 7 taxonomic levels Carolus Linnaeus ( )

Linnaeus’ Taxonomic levels 7 taxonomic levels (taxon=category) : Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Phrase to remember order of levels: King Phil Came Over For Good Soup

7 Taxonomic levels Can be compared to our address system Kingdom (broadest)----- Country Phylum State Class County Order City Family Zip Code Genus Street Species (most specific)- House #

Leopard

Human Taxonomy KingdomAnimalia -many cells (multicellular) -cells have a nucleus - don't have any chlorophyll PhylumChordata -had NOTOCHORD. That's a rod made out of cartilage. ClassMammalia -warm blooded -nurse young -hair OrderPrimata- eyes on the front of the head FamilyHominidae -walk upright -no tail -s shaped spine GenusHomo Speciessapien

GROUP NAME ORGANISM HUMAN CHIMPANZEE HOUSE CAT LIONHOUSEFLY KINGDOMAnimalia PHYLUMChordate Arthropoda CLASSMammal Insect ORDERPrimates Carnivora Diptera FAMILY Hominidae Felidae Muscidae GENUSHomoPanFelis Musca SPECIESsapienstroglodytesdomesticaleodomestica Scientific Name Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes Felis domestica Felis leo Musca domestica

What is a Species? Group of similar organisms that reproduce NATURALLY, with consistent pregnancies, and create FERTILE offspring

Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Names Scientists avoid using common names to prevent confusion because they vary from region to region. Blue Jay EasternBlue JayWestern Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata Cyanocitta stellari

Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Names 2 part naming system that consists of genus and species. Rules for writing scientific names: Genus: first word - first letter capitalized Species: second word - lowercase Both are underlined or italicized EX: Homo sapiens : Human beings Sialia sialis: Eastern Bluebird

North American Pocket Mice Pergonathus californicus Found in California Pergonathus nelsoni Discovered by someone named Nelson Pergonathus spinatus Has prickly fur Common Factors-Same genus, different species, so would produce infertile offspring.

Review What are the eight characteristics of life? Living things are made of cells Must reproduce Same genetic code Must grow and develop Must obtain energy Must respond to environment Must maintain homeostasis Must adapt and evolve

Review What are the 7 taxonomic levels in order from most general to most specific? Kingdom Phlyum Class Order Family Genus Species

Review Who created the classification system that is currently in use? Linnaeus

Review The two name scientific naming system for organisms is called ____________. Binomial nomenclature

Review Which taxon comes first in a scientific name? Genus

Review How should you format the scientific name? Genus- capitalized Species-lower case Either underline or italicize

Modern Classification Problems with traditional system: focused only on morphology (appearance) Modern Criteria for Classification uses: *Morphology/Anatomy *Development *DNA Comparison- DNA sequences *Evolutionary descent

Dichotomous Key Tool for classifying unknown organisms Uses 2 sets of descriptors, known as couplets Steps: Always start at #1 Follow couplets based on organism’s characteristics

1) Peacock Flounder

2) Spotted Goat Fish

3) Glassy Sweeper

4) Squirrel Fish

5) Spotted Eagle Ray

6) Band Tail Puffer

7) Spotted Moray Eel

8) Glass Eyed Snapper

9) Trumpet Fish

Rajidae skates

Alopiidae Thresher Shark

Pristophoridea Saw Shark

Carcharhinidae Tiger Sharks

Scyliorhinidae Cat Shark

Rhincodontidae Whale Shark

Isuridae Mackerel Sharks

Squalidae Dogfish Sharks

Dasyatidae Stingrays

Scapanorhynchidae Goblin shark

Pseudotriakidae False Cat sharks

Hexanchidae cow sharks

Sphyrnidae Hammerhead shark

Mobulidae Manta Ray

Evolutionary Classification Cladistics: the science of grouping organisms based on evolutionary descent, not just morphology. Cladogram: a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among organisms. Derived character: characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in the older members. Used to build cladograms.

Cladogram

Cladogram Practice Examine the sample cladogram, each letter on the diagram points to a derived character, or something different (or newer) than what was seen in previous groups. Match the letter to its character. Note: this cladogram was created for simplicity and understanding, it does not represent the established phylogeny for insects and their relatives.

To make a cladogram, you must first look at the animals you are studying and establish the characteristics that they share and ones that are unique o each group. For the animals on the table, indicate whether the characteristic is present or not.