Classification of Living Things Chapter 1-3. Grouping Why do we place things into groups? –Makes it easier to find –Makes it more meaningful How do we.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification of Living Things Chapter 1-3

Grouping Why do we place things into groups? –Makes it easier to find –Makes it more meaningful How do we group things? –appearance –structure –cellular components –development –DNA

Aristotle –Greek philosopher –4 th century BC –Classified things into 2 groups plants and animals plants swim animalsfly walk –There were some problems with his system (bird/bat)

Classification: grouping of things according to similar characteristics taxonomy: science of classification What are some other things in every day life that we classify?

Linnaeus –used binomial nomenclature: each organism is given 2 names which identify its genus and species –Every different type of organism has a different genus and species All humans have the same genus and species (Homo sapiens) All wolves have the same genus and species –Genus is capitalized, species is lower-case. –Both are in italics or underlined.

3-Domain System Common ancestor ArchaebacteriaEubacteriaEukaryota AnimaliaPlantaeFungiProtista

Seven major classification groups –Kingdom largest & least specific –Phylum –Class –Order –Family –Genus –Species smallest & most specific –Species: interbreed & produce fertile offspring, similar in appearance and behavior

The Six Kingdoms Animal Plant Fungi Protist Archaebacteria Eubacteria

ProkaryoticEukaryote No membrane bound organelles Membrane bound organelles SmallLarge No nucleusHas nucleus autotroph: an organism that makes its own food heterotroph: an organism that does not make its own food unicellular: an organism composed of one cell only multicellular: an organism composed of more than one cell

KingdomCell Type Cell #NutritionExample ArchaebacteriaProkaryoticUnicellularAutotroph & heterotroph Bacteria from extreme environments EubacteriaProkaryoteUnicellularAutotroph & heterotroph Bacteria ProtistEukaryoteUnicellular or multicellular Autotroph & heterotroph Paramecium, ameoba FungiEukaryoteMulticellular or unicellular (yeast) HeterotrophMushroom, mildew, mold PlantEukaryoteMulticellularAutotroph, heterotroph (rarely) Redwood, tulips, grasses AnimalEukaryoteMulticellularHeterotrophInsects, mammals, fishes