The Origin and Classification of Life Classification and Evolution of Organisms.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Science AHSGE Taxonomy.

Advertisements

Classification Notes.

Chapter 17: Classification

Chapter 17: Classification

Taxonomy - Classifying the 6 Kingdoms. Kingdom This is the largest taxon. All organisms are placed in 1 of 6 groups based on their cell structure. A group.

Classification 8a Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system 8b Categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification.

Georgia Performance Standards:

Classification vocabulary. Aristotle Ancient Greek - classified organisms into two categories - Animal and Plant.

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity. Classification The grouping of objects or information based on similiarities The grouping of objects or information.

Chapter 25/26 Taxonomy and Biodiversity Evolutionary biology The major goal of evolutionary biology is to reconstruct the history of life on earth ►Process:

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS. Biologists have classified nearly 2 million species Estimates range from 13 million to 40+ million The science of describing,

What is hierarchical taxonomy and how are animals classified? Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming organisms. The classification of organisms.

Chapter 18 Classification. What is Classification? Classification is the grouping of objects based on similarities ◦ Classifying Biology and Chemistry.

Taxonomy The classification of living things…. There may be over 100 million different living things on Earth. Less than 2 million have been classified.

Chapter 20 Classification Review. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species The discipline of systematics classifies.

Ch 18- Classification Why do biologists organize living organisms into groups that have biological meaning? Study the diversity of life Use classification.

Chapter 18.  Why Classify? ◦ Scientists classify organisms into groups in a logical manner to make it easier to study the diversity of life. ◦ Taxonomy:

Classification.

Classification Vocabulary Prokaryote – unicellular organisms without a nucleus Prokaryote – unicellular organisms without a nucleus Eukaryote – unicellular.

Chapter 18 Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups & names organisms

Classifying Organisms

TAXONOMY  The organizational system that first identifies and then classifies organisms based on physical similarities  Taxis means order  Nomos means.

Classification of Living Things

Diversity of Organisms 5 to 30 million species estimated Axolotl.

What is the difference between Phylogeny, Cladistics, and Taxonomy?

Welcome to Jeopardy!.

Chapter 18.  The science of grouping organisms according to their presumed natural relationships.  ARISTOTLE ◦ First to classify organisms more than.

Classification Ch. 17. (17-1) Biodiversity Variety of organisms at all levels Taxonomy: branch of Bio that names & groups organisms by their characteristics.

Taxonomy Order in Diversity. Taxonomy: the science of classifying organisms into similar groups based on their characteristics and evolutionary history.

Classification How we group things.

Systematics the study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships Taxonomy – the science of naming, describing, and classifying.

Classifying Living Things. Classification Classification is the process of grouping things based on their shared traits. Classification is the process.

Classification of Living Things

Chap. 17 : Organizing Life I. Taxonomy - classification system of livng things based on a) structural b) chemical c) genetic d) behavioral and e) evolutionary.

Taxonomy Bio 250.

Classification – Chapter 18 Pennington Chapter 18 Pennington.

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS. LEARNING GOALS: By the end of class, I will be able to:  Explain how organisms are classified  Explain traditional and modern.

The Tree of Life.

Chapter 15 Classification.

Classification Chapter 18.

Classification Evolution Unit.

Classification Notes.

Prokaryotic Cell. Eukaryotic Cell  Autotrophs capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food.  Heterotrophs.

Chapter 14 Notes Why Classify? Categories of Biological Classification: 1. Why Classify? –Eliminate confusion –Organize information –Reveal Evolutionary.

Chapter 17: The History and Diversity of Life

CLASSIFICATION VOCAB Chapter 18. Bacteria that “like” living in HOT environments like volcano vents thermophiles Group or level of organization into which.

Please organize the following into groups based on what they have in common 1. Cassette tape 2. Newspaper 3. Floppy disk 4. Text book 5. Multimedia card.

CLASSIFICATION Why Classify?. INQUIRY ACTIVITY 1) Construct a table with six rows and six columns. Label each row with the name of a different fruit.

Classification. Classification taxonomy –science of grouping and naming organisms based on shared characteristics.

Chapter 18 Classification. Section 18-1 Why Classify? Because of the diversity and number of organisms on planet Earth. Each organism need a name, and.

What is a dichotomous key? a tool that determines the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and.

Chapter 7 - Classification Carolus Linnaeus 18 th century Swedish 2 groups – plants and animals he divided the animal group according to similarities.

Depending on where you live, this might be a mountain lion, cougar, puma, or panther – all of these are “common” names for the “Felis concolor”

Taxonomy The science of naming organisms.. Aristotle Plant or animal? If an animal, does it –Fly –Swim –Crawl Simple classifications Used common names.

Classification Notes. Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms Biologists organize livings.

Chapter 18: Classification. Section 18-1: Finding Order in Diversity.

Chapter 14 : Classification of Organisms

Chapter 17: The Tree of Life How Do We Classify Organisms

Classifying Organisms

Classification Mr. Hamilton Go to Section:.

Classification of Living Things

Taxonomy Mr. Young Biology.

Classifying Living Things

Kingdom: Plantae Cell type: Eukaryote

Taxonomy and Classification

Carolus Linnaeus; Around 1753, organized organisms

Classification of Organisms

Taxonomy Ch (p ) Taxonomy = grouping organisms according to their characteristics and evolution •People like to classify things; these classifications.

Classifying Living Things

Classification The World of Taxonomy.

Presentation transcript:

The Origin and Classification of Life Classification and Evolution of Organisms

Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of naming organisms and grouping them into categories. Derived from the Greek word taxis, which means arrangement.

Binomial System of Nomenclature The binomial system of nomenclature was developed by Carolus Linnaeus in The system uses only two latin names – the genus and the specific epithet for each species of organism.

Carolus Linnaeus

Binomial System of Nomenclature A species is a population of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. A genus is a group of closely related organisms.

Hierarchy of Classification

Domains A Domain is the largest category of organisms. There are three main domains: Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. The Eubacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic and the Eucarya are eukaryotic.

Domains of Life

Kingdom A kingdom is a subdivision of a domain. There are several kingdoms within the Eubacteria and Archaea based primarily on differences in the metabolism and genetic composition of the organisms.

Kingdom There are four kingdoms within the Domain Eucarya. – Plantae – Animalia – Fungi – Protista (protozoa and algae)

Kingdoms

Phylum A phylum is a subdivision of a kingdom. Organisms are based into phyla based upon careful investigation of their structure, metabolism, and biochemistry.

Phylum An attempt is made to classify natural groups rather than imposing artificial subdivisions. Only flowering plants produce flowers and have seeds; conifers lack flowers but have seeds in cones; ferns lack flowers, cones, and seeds; and mosses lack tissues for transporting water.

Class A class is a subdivision within a phylum. Within the phylum Chordata within the the kingdom Animalia, there are seven classes: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and three classes of fish.

Order An Order is a category within a class. The order Carnivora is an order of meat-eating animals within the class Mammalia.

Family A Family is a subdivision of an order that consists of a group of closely related genera, which in turn are composed of closely related species.

Family The cat family, Felidae, is a subgroup of the order Carnivora; it includes many species in several genera, including the Canada lynx and bobcat (genus Lynx); the cougar; the leopard, tiger, jaguar, and lion (genus Panthera); the house cat (genus Felis); and several other genera.

All Life On Earth

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Rodentia

Family: Sciuridae

Genus: Sciurus

Species: Vulgaris

Classification of Humans Taxonomic Category Human Classification CharacteristicsOther Representatives DomainEucaryaCells containing a nucleus and other organelles Plants, animal, fungi, protozoa, algae KingdomAnimaliaEukaryotic heterotrophs, usually motile, specialized tissues Sponges, jellyfish, worms, clams, insects, snakes, ctas PhylumChordataStiffening rod down back Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Classification of Humans Taxonomic Category Human Classification CharacteristicsOther Representatives ClassMammaliaHair and mammary glands Kangaroos, mice, whales, skunks, monkeys OrderPrimatesRelatively large brain and opposable thumb Monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees, baboons FamilyHominidaePrimates that lack a tail and have an upright posture Humans and extinct relatives (australopithecus, Paranthropus, Homo)

Classification of Humans Taxonomic Category Human Classification CharacteristicsOther Representatives GenusHomoHominids with large brains Humans are the only surviving member of the genus (past members: homo erectus, homo neanderthalensis) SpeciesHomo SapiensHumans

Phylogeny Phylogeny is the science that explores the evolutionary relationships among organisms, seeking to reconstruct evolutionary history. Taxonomists and phylogenists work together, so that the products of their work are compatible.

Evidence Used to Establish Phylogenetic Relationships Several lines of evidence are used to develop evolutionary histories: fossils, comparative anatomy, life cycle information, and biochemical and molecular evidence.