Taxonomy.

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Presentation transcript:

Taxonomy

What is taxonomy? Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms Biologists who study this are called taxonomists

How did it start? People wanted to organize their world so they began grouping, or classifying everything they saw.

Things that swim Things that fly Things that crawl Things that walk on four legs Things that chew their food Things that swallow food whole Things that are toxic

Why classify? To help us study the earth To help us organize all the species we discover . . .

To give every species a name based on a standard method so scientists from different countries can talk about the same animal without confusion

Who is Carolus Linnaeus? Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist Developed a 7-level (taxa) classification system based on similarities between organisms

The Seven Level System Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda

How does it work? There are 6 broad kingdoms Every living thing that we know of fits into one of the six kingdoms Each level gets more specific as fewer organisms fit into any one group

An organism is known by two names… This system uses a binomial nomenclature A binomial nomenclature is a classification system using two names to identify an organism Bi means two Nomen means name

The two names… First you write the organism’s genus, which consists of a group of closely related species, and the second name is the species which can reproduce and create fertile offspring. Humans= Genus: Hominidae, species: sapien Thus, we are Homo sapiens

Binomial Nomenclature The genus name is always Capitalized. The species is not. When scientific names are handwritten, they are underlined: Ex. Dog= Canis familiaris or C. familiaris is also acceptable Canis lupus is the scientific name for a gray wolf. Canis is the genus name lupus is the species name

Species... A species consists of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. Ex. Humans can breed with other humans, and their offspring can also have offspring.

Are horses and a donkeys the same species? Ex. Horses and donkeys can mate. They produce a mule, but the mule is infertile. Are horses and a donkeys the same species? Horse Donkey Mule

Quick Review What are the seven taxa or levels? Who designed the system? What taxa are organisms named with?

How many classification levels does a bob cat and a lion share? What does this say about their evolution?