Chapter 3 Reference Text: PCI LIFE SCIENCE Taxonomy Chapter 3 Reference Text: PCI LIFE SCIENCE

Chapter 3 - Section 1 TAXONOMY

What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy - the classification of organisms The classification of organisms is called taxonomy. Since ancient times, scientists have studied organisms and put them into groups based on their similarities.

What is Taxonomy? For example, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle classified all living things as either plants or animals.

What is Taxonomy? Hundreds of years later, Carolus Linnaeus came up with the modern way of classifying and naming living things.

What is Taxonomy? Organisms were classified into groups based on shared characteristics, from the most general to the most specific.

What is Taxonomy Over the years, additional classifications have been created as scientists have discovered organisms that have never been described before. http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/news-20-years-rapid-assessment-programs-species-findings?image=1

What is Taxonomy? These are the seven current divisions for organisms, from the most general to the most specific:

What is Taxonomy?

What is Taxonomy? Kingdom is the most general division. Each kingdom is divided into more specific divisions.

What is Taxonomy? The most specific division is the species. So, each species belongs to a genus, each genus belongs to a family, each family belongs to an order, each order belongs to a class, and each class belongs to a phylum…

What is Taxonomy? Finally, each phylum belongs to one of the six kingdoms. Achaebacteria Eubacteria

What is Taxonomy? For example, look at the diagram below. It shows the classification of a Lion, from the most general to the most specific divisions.

HOW ORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED Chapter 3 - Section 2 HOW ORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED

Kingdoms The six-kingdom system is the most popular method of classification. The six kingdoms: Animalia Plantae Protista Fungi Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Kingdoms You are a member of the kingdom Animalia, which includes all animals, like cats, fish, and insects.

Kingdoms You are probably also familiar with the kingdom Plantae, which includes all plants, like grasses, trees, ferns, and mosses.

Kingdoms 4. Fungi 5. Archaebacteria 6. Eubacteria However, you might not be as familiar with the other four kingdoms. 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Archaebacteria 6. Eubacteria

Kingdoms The kingdom Protista is made up of tiny organisms that can only be seen through a microscope. They include single-celled organisms and a few that have many cells. Algae are part of the kingdom Protista. Fungus Like – made of threadlike fibers Animal Like – move around and eat other organisms Plant Like – contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Kingdoms The kingdom Fungi is made up of mushrooms, molds, and other organisms that are similar to plants but that do not make their own food.

Kingdoms The kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria are made up of bacteria, like the bacteria that cause strep throat. They have their own kingdoms because even though bacteria are single-celled organisms, they are different from protists.

Phylum Each organism is also part of a phylum. The plural of the word "phylum" is "phyla." The word "phylum" is used to describe animals and plants. Phylum Chordata

Phylum Organisms are classified into phyla by the way their internal parts are organized. There are about 35 phyla. Phyla ‘Chordata’ – all organisms have a spinal ‘chord’

Class, Order, Family Organisms are further divided into smaller and more specific subgroups. These groups include: class, order, and family.

Genus Genus is the second-most specific grouping in the scientific classification of organisms. The plural of the word "genus" is "genera." A genus has at least one species.

Species Species are the most specific classification group. A species is made up of all the organisms of the same type that can reproduce young of the same kind.

Species Each species is identified by a scientific name of two words. The first name is the genus to which the organism belongs. The second name is the species of the organism. Canis familiaris

Species The scientific name that identifies humans is Homo sapiens. The first word names the genus, and the second word names the species.

Species Canis familiaris The scientific name is written with the first letter of the Genus capitalized and the first letter of the species name with a lower case letter. In the written text you will always find the scientific name italicized. Canis familiaris