Taxonomy  Taxonomy: The discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted (scientific name)

What is this animal called?  Cougar  Mountain Lion  Puma  Panther  Wait... So what do we call it?!

Assigning Scientific Names  To eliminate the confusion of common names, 18 th century scientists developed a system to name all organisms in Latin.  Binomial Nomenclature: Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name  EX: Felis concolor

Scientific Names  Written in italics  The first word is capitalized  It is the organism’s genus  Genus: A group of closely related species  The second word is lowercased  It is the organism’s species  Written in Latin

Answer this question in your notes:  What is the difference, if any, between these three organisms:  Ursus arctos  Ursus maritimus  Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Here’s a Hint:

Linnaeus’s System of Classification  Includes seven levels, from largest to smallest:  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

Modern Classification  Linnaeus used to group organisms only by their physical characteristics.  Using only physical characteristics, how would you classify these organisms?

Modern Classification  Now, we use a 3 domain system because of vast differences in different types of bacteria. Current classification system:  Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

How Living Things are Categorized  All living things are categorized into 3 domains

6 Kingdoms  3 Domains are further divided into 6 Kingdoms  Domain Archaea: Kingdom Archaebacteria  Domain Bacteria: Kingdom Eubacteria  Domain Eukarya:  Kingdom Protista  Kingdom Fungi  Kingdom Plantae  Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Characteristics Chart: Glue the chart you were given into your INB. You can look over this information while we go through the rest of the powerpoint. KingdomArchaebacteriaEubacteriaProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia Cell Type Cell Structures Number of Cells Mode of Nutrition Examples

Kingdom Archaebacteria Cell Type: Prokaryote (no nucleus) Cell Structures: Have unusual cell wall components Number of cells: Unicellular Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph Examples: Methanogens, halophiles

Kingdom Eubacteria Cell Type: Prokaryote Cell Structures: No nucleus, normal sugars in walls Number of Cells: Unicellular Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph Examples: E. coli, Streptococcus

Kingdom Protista Cell Type: Eukaryote (has a nucleus) Cell Structures: Some have cell walls of cellulose, some have chloroplasts Number of cells: Unicellular or multicellular Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, giant kelp, diatoms

Kingdom Fungi Cell Type: Eukaryote Cell Structures: Cell Wall of Chitin Number of Cells: Multicellular, some unicellular Mode of Nutrition: Heterotroph Examples: Mushrooms, yeasts

Kingdom Plantae Cell Type: Eukaryote Cell Structures: Cell walls of cellulose, chloroplasts Number of cells: Multicellular Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph Examples: Mosses, ferns, trees and flowering plants

Kingdom Animalia  Cell Type: Eukaryote  Cell Structures: No cell walls or chloroplasts  Number of cells: Multicellular  Mode of Nutrition: Heterotroph  Examples: Sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals