In The Name Of GOD 1

Title Introduce of Fagaceae Family  The distribution pattern of Fagaceae  Introduce of Fagaceae genera  The distribution pattern of genera  Quercus L.  Distribution of Quercus species in Iran 3

Introduce of Fagaceae Family  The Fagaceae Family or beech family includes 9 genera and ca species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs.  Fagaceae dominates in forests of tropical, temperate and cold temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.  The members of Fagaceae Family are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins and fruit in the form of cup- like (cupule) nuts. 4

The distribution pattern of Fagaceae At present, there are two distribution centers of the floristic region: 1-Southern east Asia to northern southeast Asia (the main distribution) 2-Southern Madrean to Caribbean region (Southwest USA, Mexico, Central America ) 5

The distribution pattern of Genera  The genera of Fagaceae are divided into four disjunctive distribution patterns: 1- The genus that distributes between tropical Asia regions and tropical central America: Trigonobalanus. 2- The genus that distributes between Asia and west of North America: Lithocarpus, Castanopsis & Chrysolepis. 3- The genus that distributes between Eurasia and North America: Castanea, Fagus. 4- The genus that distribute between Eurasia, North Africa and America: Quercus, Colombobalanus & Formanodendron. 6

Introduce of Fagaceae Genera  The Fagaceae genera including: 1- Trigonobalanus Forman. 2-Lithocarpus Bl. 3-Castanopsis Spach. 4-Castanea L. 5-Fagus L. 6-Quercus L. 7- Chrysolepis Hjelmquist. 8-Colombobalanus (Lozano, Hdz-C. & Henao) Nixon & Crepet. 9-Formanodendron Nixon & Crepet. 7

Quercus  Quercus (oak) is a tree or shrub with about 600 species exists on earth. The genus is native to the Northern Hemisphere and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cold latitudes to tropical Asia and the America.  Oaks have leaves with a lobed margin in many species; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with a smooth margin. The flowers are catkins. The fruit is a called an acorn, borne in a cup-like structure known as a cupule. 8

Quercus The genus Quercus (oak) divided into two sub genus and several sections:  Subgenus Quercus  Section Quercus  White oaks  live oaks  Section Lobatae  Red oaks  Section Mesobalanus  Section Cerris  Section Protobalanus (Intermediate oaks)  Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis (The ring-cupped oaks) 9h9h

Distribution of Quercus species in Iran Quercus species in Iran include:  Q. atropatana  Q. brantii  Q. castaneifolia  Q. infectoria  Q. libanii  Q. macranthera  Q. prtrea  Q. robur 10

11 Quercus atopatana The tree distributes in media to high altitude in the northern forests from Arasbaran to Tavalesh and from Gorgan to Katool.

Quercus atopatana Quercus atopatana is a medium deciduous tree that has obovate leaves, with lobate marigin and obtuse apex. The acorns are cm long and cm diameter and are including one or tow acorns. 12

Quercus brantii 13 Quercus brantii is a species of oak that has three varieties including: Quercus brantii Lindle. var. brantii that distributes in Kordestan, kermanshah, Lorestan (khoram Abad to Ilam). Quercus brantii Lindle. var. belangeri (DC.) zohary that distributes in Kordestan (Kermanshah to Eslam abad), Lorestan & Chaharmahal bakhtiari. Quercus brantii Lindle. var. persica (Jaub & Spach) Zohary that distributes in Kordestan, kermanshah, Lorestan (Khoram Abad to Ilam).

Quercus brantii Quercus brantii is a deciduous tree growing to 10 meters that has oblong leave with serrated margin and acute apex. Acorns are cylindrical form and their length are more than 3 cm. 14

Quercus castaneifolia Quercus castaneifolia is a species of oak that distribute s in Gorgan (Minoo dasht, Golestan Park, Caspian sea coasts, Bandar Gaz, Radkan), Mazandaran ( between Sari & Behshahr, Kajoor, Abas Abad, Chaloos, Noshahr, Neka), Guilan (Manjil, Lahijan, Hashtpar, talesh forests, between Lahijan & Chaloos, Lakan forest, Saravan forest and between Astara & Ardebil). 15

Quercus castaneifolia The Chestnut-leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia) is a deciduous tree growing up to 35 m tall, with a trunk up to 2.5 m diameter. This tree has oblong leave with serrated margin and acut apex. The flowers are wind- pollinated catkins; the fruit is an acorn. 16

Quercus libani Quercus libani, the Lebanon Oak, is a species of oak that distributes in Kordestan, kermanshah to Eslam abad), Lorestan & Chaharmahal bakhtiari. 17

Quercus libani Quercus libani is a deciduous tree growing to 8 mètres. That its leaf is slender, elongated and often asymmetrical. The flowers are monoecious but flowers from both sexes. The tree produces acorns that grows to about 2 cm to 3.5 cm in diameters. 18

Quercus infectoria Quercus infectoria is a species of oak that has several subspecies and varieties including: Quercus infectoria subsp. Boassier (Reut.) Schwars Quercus infectoria Oliv. Subsp. Latifolia Schwars Quercus infectoria subsp. Petiolaris that all distribute in Kordestan, Sardasht forests and Khoram Abad. 19

Quercus infectoria 20 Quercus infectoria is a medium tree with 6 m length that has leave oblong ovate or obovate. its leave have serrated or sinuosity margin. The tree produces acorns sylindrical form that grow to about 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm in length and 1.2 to 1.8 in diamètre.

Quercus petrea The Sessile Oak belongs to white oak group that is similar to Q. robur and known as the sessile or Durmast Oak. Quercus petrea distributes in Gorgan (Rdekan), Mazandaran (Abas Abad, kandovan, Noor, Kajoor), Guilan (Hzevil near of Manjil, Dinachal). 21

Quercus petrea Quercus petrea (sessile Oak) is a large deciduous tree up to m tall. oak tree that has lobed leaves. The leaves are 7-14 cm long and 4-8 cm broad. The flowers are catkins, produced in the spring. The fruit is an acorn 2-3 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, which matures in about 6 months. 22

(Quercus macranthera) Quercus macrantera is a species of oak that distributs in Gorgan (northern slops of Shahvar mountain, Katool valley), Mazandaran (Chaloos valley, northern slops of Kandovan, Kelardasht, Haraz valley), Guilan (Dorfak mountain near of the Manjil, between Astara and Ardebil, Astara, Talesh (Meryan), Asalem forests), zarbayjan (Arasbaran, Gharedagh mountain, Kaleybar). 23

(Quercus macranthera) Quercus macranthera or Caucasian Oak is adapted to growing in high mountainous area. that at maturity reaches a height of 25m (80ft). It is a deciduous tree and has leave obovate with lobate or dentate margin. petiol covers with trichom. Acorn has 1.5 to 2.5 cm length and cm diamètre. 24

Quercus robur This species has several sub species that only Quercus robur L. subsp. Peduncolifelora (C. Koch) Schwarz distributes in Iran in Azerbaijan (between khoy & Tabriz, Oskoo), Kordestan ( between Bane & Marivan) and each acorn has 3-4 nut ( seed). 25

Quercus robur Quercus robur is a large deciduous tree 25–35 m tall (exceptionally to 50 m), with lobed and nearly sessile (very short-stalked) leaves 7– 14 cm long. Flowering takes place in mid spring, and their fruit, called acorns That are 2–2.5 cm long, with one to four acorns on each peduncle. 26

conclusion Most of species of Quercus are distribute in west of Iran. Two species Quercus castaneifolia & Quercus macranthera exclusively distribute in north of Iran. The evergreen species such as Quercus Ilex is suitable for extend green space. Quercus suber can be cultivate in order to economical usage. 27

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