NAMEANSHUMAN SHARMA CLASS XI A SUBJECT BIOLOGY ROLL NO.9 TEACHERMR.PAWANDEEP

DIVERSTIFICATION OF PLANTS ON EARTH

CLASSIFICATION KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

PLANT KINGDOM CRYPTOGAMMAE THALLOPHYTA BRYOPHYTA PTERIDOPHYTA PHANEROGAMMAE SPERMATOPHYTA GYMNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS MONOCOTYLEDON DICOTYLEDON

The first level of classification among plants depends on whether the plant body have well differentiated body parts. The second level of classification is based on tissues. Further classification looks at the ability to bear seeds whether the seeds are enclosed within fruits. Classification of plants Thallophyta Bryophyta Pteridophyta Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Thallophyta In this group plants do not have well differentiated body design. These plants are commonly known as algae. These plants have the most simplest and the primitive plant body. There is no vascular system in these plants. These plants are predominantly aquatic, so they are found in oceans. They show asexual reproduction by spores. The plants are like Chara, Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora and many more.

BRYOPHYTA The plants of this group are known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. They have body design differentiated into stem & leaf like structures but no actual roots, stems & leaf are present. There is no vascular system. They have root like structures known as rhizoids. These rhizoids act as anchoring and absorbing organ. Some common bryophytes are Funaria, Marchantia etc

PTERIDOPHYTA In this group plant body is differentiated into stems roots & leaves. They have a specialized tissue for the conduction of water and other substances. Some examples are ferns, horse-tails, marsilea etc.The study of Pteridophyta is called pteridology, and one who studies ferns and other Pteridophyta is called a pteridologist. The term "Pteridophyta" has traditionally been used to describe all seedless vascular plants.

Plants with well differentiated reproductive tissues that ultimately makes seed are called phanerogams. Plants with visible seeds (flowering plants and gymnosperms) are called phanerogams. They are a subset of the embryophytes or land plants. The living spermatophytes form five groups: Cycads, a subtropical and tropical group of plants with a large crown of compound leaves and a stout trunk, Ginkgo, a single species of tree, Conifers, cone-bearing trees and shrubs, Gnetophytes, woody plants in the genera Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ephedra, a Angiosperms, the flowering plants, a large group including many familiar plants in a wide variety of habitats

GYMNOSPERMS Gymnosperm (Gymnospermae) are a group of spermatophyte seed-bearing plants with ovules on the edge or blade of an open sporophyll, which are usually arranged in cone-like structures.These are perennial, woody & evergreen. For example – deodar, spines etc Gymnosperms are heterosporous. There are between 700 and 900 species of Gymnosperm

Angiosperms The word angiosperm is made from the Greek words: angio means covered & sperma means seed. The major group of seed-bearing plants, the angiosperms, have ovules enclosed in a carpel, a sporophyll with fused margins. The flowering plants or angiosperms (Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group of land plants. These are divided into two groups on basis of cotyledons: oMonocots oDicots

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