Part 2: Introduction to NIRx Hardware and Software

NIRS Software Basics

NIRx Software NIRStar Instrument-Control Software nirsLAB Topographic Analysis Software NAVI Tomographic Imaging Software

NIRStar Software – Instrument Control & Recording Open license BCI/Neurofeedback Real-time cortical viewing Real-time data streams Real-time block averages Hyperscanning Optode position registration NIRStar realtime cortical activation viewing.

NIRStar Channel Setup The NIRStar Channel Setup gives users the chance to precisely define an illumination pattern: the time-multiplexing order which the sources illuminate in one full scan Sources used in measurement Steps used per full scan Detectors used in measurement Illumination pattern of sources firing per scan Scans per sec. (sampling rate/ temporal resolution)

NIRStar Topo Layout The topolayout gives a simple 2D representation of the montage layout, facilitating easy viewing of channel activity. Numbering is issued with sources listed first, then detectors (e.g., 1-2 is source #1 paired with detector #2, etc.)

NIRStar Probe Setup Ultility The probe setup utility gives a 3D representation for the channel activation.

NIRStar Realtime Block Averages

NIRStar Realtime Data Streams

NIRStar Realtime BCI/SDK

NIRx Product Overview nirsLAB Software – Topographic Analysis Open licensed Sophisticated topographic data analysis Detailed cortical views with activation maps Flexible options for data manipulation (spike removal, filtering, etc.) SPM1 and SPM2 (group-level) analysis

Software – nirsLAB - Topographic Analysis

NIRx Product Overview Software – nirsLAB - Topographic Analysis SPM results shown right for right-leg balance. The results can be viewed in multiple images, with or without probe and standard EEG locations. Probes are shown in red (sources) and yellow (detectors). Right: 2D layout

NIRx Product Overview Software – nirsLAB - Topographic Analysis SPM results shown right for right-leg balance. 3D layout

NIRx Product Overview Software – nirsLAB - Topographic Analysis SPM results shown right for right-leg balance. High-resolution brain with glass head layout

NIRx Product Overview Software – nirsLAB - Topographic Analysis SPM results shown right for right-leg balance. MNI brain with glass head layout

NIRx Product Overview Software – nirsLAB - Topographic Analysis In addition to SPM1 and SPM2, nirsLAB allows block average viewing at any given relative time (to the event onset time = 0), including full animations.

NIRx Product Overview NAVI Software – Tomographic Analysis Open licensed Sophisticated tomographic data analysis Source analysis from from discrimination Flexible options for data manipulation (spike removal, filtering, etc.) Detailed cortical views with activation maps

NIRx Product Overview NAVI – Tomographic Analysis – fNIRS activation on MR scans

NAVI Analysis Software

NIRS Hardware Overview

fNIRS – Hardware Overview Probes (optodes) for sending (sources) and receiving (detectors) light. Note: sources may be LED or Laser, depending on the system and application. detector (LED) source Calibration Phantom for testing and setting proper gain settings for detectors (and sources, in some cases)

fNIRS – Hardware Overview Headgear – Retains probes for steady and orthogonal placement against skin. Amplifier – this unit both powers the sources and detectors. It also digitizes the detector signal. Also, in some cases, sends and receives TTL trigger pulses

NIRx Hardware: Systems and Components

NIRx Development 2000 2004 Hyperscanning 2013 Mobile Studies 2012

Systems = NIRS Imaging Systems NIRx Hardware Headgear = NIRScap Systems = NIRS Imaging Systems NIRSport NIRScout and NIRScout Extended

NIRScap - Headgear Concept Optodes: - low profile - variety of solutions - organized cables Retaining layer: - outer cap compression - adjustable shape - whole head Conforming cap: - free configurations - multi-modal - Comfortable

NIRScap - Subject Preparation

Optodes Optode Placement LED Illuminator (2-Wavelength -> 760nm & 850nm Fiber optic Detectors Optode Placement

Applying the retaining cap

INSTRUMENT ACCESSORIES

Fiber support arm The fiber support arm system is highly-flexible and relieves cable tension on optodes, increasing comfort and maintaining data quality.

Fiber support arm - adjustments

Static test phantom All NIRx systems use the NIRx static phantom for automated procedures that ensure that the system and its components are working properly. The black case (shown above) provides a dark environment for testing detector and source performance.

NIRx SYSTEMS

Technical basis of instrumentation CW measurement (DC Intensity changes) Most economic, compact, robust technology Adequate for hemodynamic activation measures Scalable modularity – from 8-64 detector ch., & 8-128 source ch. Simultaneous wavelength illumination Frequency modulated – 760nm (1.0kHz) & 850nm (1.3KHz) -> Hb/HbO (more, other WL custom options) Oxy and deoxy => strength over fMRI (only deoxy) Source switching – Time- Multiplexing Dynamic measuremement (no competing sources) Scan rate typically 4-15Hz (62.5Hz max.)

Source-Switiching/Time-multiplexing

Setup capabilities

Tandem mode Two identical instruments (any model) Channel number doubled Integration in software, seamless operation as one instrument NIRSport Tandem Setup (pictured left) for 16-source and 16-detector measurements NIRScout Extended Tandem Setup (pictured right) for a maximum of 128-source and 64-detector measurements

NIRx Product Overview NIRSport 8-8 and NIRSport 16-16 Tandem Portable/Wearable System

NIRSport Mobile NIRS System 8 Active LED sources 8 Active Detectors 6-hour battery Runs on power as well Can be used in Tandem for 16/16 measurements Ideal for: Mobile or movement-based studies Studies requiring extremely lightweight headgear Child ASD

NIRScout High-Density NIRS System - Up to 64 sources and 32 detectors 8-bit trigger input and output Options for Hybrid LED/Laser sources Can have as few as 8 sources and 4 detectors Can be used in tandem operation for doubling sources and detectors on a single subject

NIRScout High-Density NIRS System Ideal for: full-head monitoring high-density/maximum spatial resolution recordings Hyperscanning Multi-modal studies Animal studies

Brain stimulation (TMS, etc.) NIRScout Extended 8-bit Trigger OUTPUT EEG EMG Brain stimulation (TMS, etc.) Direct, programmable digital (TTL) control of other systems

NIRScout High-Density NIRS System LED/Laser Hybrid System Lasers capable of 4-wavelength measurements Use of new port (shown here) allows choice of either LED or Laser sources

NIRScout High-Density NIRS System LED/Laser Hybrid System Lasers capable of 4-wavelength measurements Standard set: 685nm 780nm 808nm 830nm

NIRS Instrumentation Highlights Comprehensive: - Wearable  Large-scale/High-density - Wide range of accessories Scalable: - Upgradeable, Tandem Mode - Hyperscanning Integrated: - Experimental control (Trigger I/O) - Single cross-platform control software - Multi-modal ready (EEG, fMRI, TMS, …)

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