Infection Control Wanda Opland Health Careers Instructor JAMES VALLEY VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER

Objectives b Define, pronounce, and spell the key terms b Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization b Demonstrate aseptic hand washing b Demonstrate how to don and remove an isolation mask, gloves, and gown b Identify the five ways microorganisms are spread of infection

b Define OSHA and explain the agency’s role in safety b List conditions which enhance growth of microorganisms

Microorganisms b Organisms which can only be seen by a microscope b To Live –Warm temperature –moisture –darkness

b Anaerobic microorganisms which live in an environment without oxygenmicroorganisms which live in an environment without oxygen b Aerobic microorganisms which needs oxygen to livemicroorganisms which needs oxygen to live

b Nonpathogenic a microorganism that does not cause diseasea microorganism that does not cause disease b Pathogenic a microorganism which is disease producinga microorganism which is disease producing

Pathogenic Microorganisms b Bacteria can be treated with antibioticscan be treated with antibiotics b Viruses smaller than bacteriasmaller than bacteria cannot be treated with bacteriacannot be treated with bacteria

Pathogenic Microorganisms b Protozoa larger than virus, grow within host celllarger than virus, grow within host cell b Fungi low form of plant life, includes mold & yeastlow form of plant life, includes mold & yeast

Pathogen and disease b Toxins some microorganisms produce poisons (toxins) that affect the bodysome microorganisms produce poisons (toxins) that affect the body

How Microorganisms Spread b Direct Contact transmitted directly from one person to anothertransmitted directly from one person to another b Indirect contact transferred from one object to anothertransferred from one object to another

How Microorganisms Spread b Airborne carried in the aircarried in the air b Oral route enters body through water, food dirty handsenters body through water, food dirty hands b Insects and Pests picked up on insects and pests and transferredpicked up on insects and pests and transferred

Signs and Symptoms b Generalized involves the entire body b Localized involves a single site

Asepsis b Asepsis free from or keeping away disease producing microorganismsfree from or keeping away disease producing microorganisms b Medical Asepsis to destroy the environment that allows pathogens to live, breed, and spreadto destroy the environment that allows pathogens to live, breed, and spread b Aseptic technique methods used to make the environment, worker, and as germ free as possiblemethods used to make the environment, worker, and as germ free as possible

Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of disease b Cross infection caused by infecting the patient with a new microorganism from another patient or health care workercaused by infecting the patient with a new microorganism from another patient or health care worker b Reinfection infection with the same microorganism that caused the original illnessinfection with the same microorganism that caused the original illness

Aseptic Techniques to prevent spread of disease b Self-innoculation infection by the patient’s own organismsinfection by the patient’s own organisms b An illness passing from the patient to the health care worker or from worker to patient

Aseptic Technique b Employees to be neat and clean b Proper handling of all equipment b Use sterile procedure when necessary

Aseptic Technique b Use proper cleaning solutions Bacteriostatic solutions: slow or stops the growth of microorganismsBacteriostatic solutions: slow or stops the growth of microorganisms Bactericidal solutions: Kills microorganismsBactericidal solutions: Kills microorganisms b Hand washing b Universal precautions

Universal Precautions b Precautions that protect the patient/client, co- workers, and community from infection b Universal Precautions Universal Precautions Universal Precautions

Universal Precautions b Universal Precautions Techniques Wear gloves whenWear gloves when –touching blood –touching mucous membranes –performing veinipuncture –touching body fluids of any kind

Body FluidsBody Fluids –vaginal fluids or semen –cerebrospinal fluid –pleural fluid (fluid around lung) –pericardial fluid (fluid around heart) –synovial fluid (fluid in the joints) –amniotic fluid (fluid around the fetus) –placenta tissue –saliva with blood in it

b Wash hands after glove removal b Protect clothing with apron or gown when splashing of blood or body fluids is possible b Discard needles or other sharps in puncture- resistant container b Do not recap needles or work with needles before disposal b Waste and soild linen must be handled with care

Controlling the spread of infections b Sterilize make free from all living organismsmake free from all living organisms b Disinfection process of freeing from microorganisms by physical or chemical meansprocess of freeing from microorganisms by physical or chemical means b Autoclaves sterilizers which use steam underpressure to kill all organismssterilizers which use steam underpressure to kill all organisms

Isolation Precautions b Isolation condition of having limited contact with otherscondition of having limited contact with others b Protective Isolation guarding workers and visitors from dangerguarding workers and visitors from danger b Reverse Isolation guarding the patient from dangerguarding the patient from danger

Types of Isolation b Respiratory Isolation protection from airborne dropletsprotection from airborne droplets b Skin and wound Isolation protection from open wounds, skin drainageprotection from open wounds, skin drainage

Types of Isolation b Enteric Isolation solid body wastessolid body wastes b Strict Isolation complete protectioncomplete protection b Blood and body fluids