Mrs. McKinney PAP Biology Biomolecules Mrs. McKinney PAP Biology
Fill-in the concept map and use your chart to compare the biomolecules – draw the structure under each category. Section 2-3 Biomolecules Concept Map 4 Biomolecules include that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of which contain which contain which contain which contain
Concept Map Carbon Compounds Biomolecules Concept Map Carbohydrates Section 2-3 Biomolecules Concept Map Carbon Compounds include Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of Sugars and starches Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids which contain which contain which contain which contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,
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Warm-Up Title: Biomolecules Date: List the percentages of each: Fat Carbohydrates Protein Describe how each one is important to you? How do they help your body?
What am a I learning today???? Identify biomolecules. Compare the structure and functions of biomolecules known as: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids AHHHHH……WHAT???? Let’s simplify these terms.
Biomolecules Carbohydrates: Lipids: Aka: sugars – glucose, sucrose, fructose, etc Function: Provide energy Lipids: Aka: fats – triglycerides, saturated/unsaturated Function: Long-term energy, insulation
Biomolecules Proteins: Nucleic Acids: Aka: Amino acids – Function: build muscle, bones, pretty much the body Nucleic Acids: Aka: DNA/RNA – your genetic code Function: Instructions for your cell – the BIG BOSS
So lets think about this…. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, found in food help make me along with nucleic acids!!!! Bio-molecules make: Organelles (tiny cell organs) Cells Tissue Organ Organ systes Organsism
How about orange juice? Carbohydrates??? Lipids??? Proteins???
How about meat? Proteins??? Lipids??? Carbohydrates???
How about ice cream? Lipids??? Proteins??? Carbohydrates???
1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 4. Proteins 5. Nucleic Acids List the 4 Biomolecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 4. Proteins 5. Nucleic Acids
Biomolecules Chart As we go through the powerpoint, fill in your chart. Using a Index Card you will draw an example of each Biomolcule
.Fill this in on the side of your chart Monomers – single unit Polymers – many single units joined together Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Copy this on the top of your chart. Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids lipids Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, Ratio of 1 : 2 : 1. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Carbohydrates What is the function of carbohydrates? Source of Energy for cell function Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Carbohydrates Different sizes of carbohydrates: Monosaccharides – single (1) sugar (glucose- C6H12O6, fructose) Disaccharides – double (2) sugar (sucrose-C12H22O11) Polysaccharides – many sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Carbohydrates Polysaccharides: Starches and sugars - examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy. Examples: Cellulose - plants make it for cell walls Starch - (long chain of glucose) Glycogen – stored in humans Starches and sugars are examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy. Starches form when sugars join together in a long chain. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Show me what you know: On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far. Let’s try it out!!! Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as lipids. monosaccharides. proteins. polysaccharides. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Which of the following statements about cellulose is true? Animals make it and use it to store energy. Plants make it and use it to store energy. Animals make it and use it as part of the skeleton. Plants make it and use it to give structural support to cells. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. - Monomer: amino acids. - Polymer: protein (polypeptide chain) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins Amino Acids: connected by peptide bonds Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins Function of Proteins Instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA. Amino Acids Proteins help to carry out chemical reactions, transport small molecules in and out of cells, and fight diseases. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids folded into complex structures. Protein Molecule Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins Some functions of proteins: Control rate of reactions – Enzymes Used to form bones and muscles Transport substances into or out of cells Help to fight disease - antibodies Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Show me what you know: On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far. Let’s try it out!!! Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because they contain both amino groups and carboxyl groups. they can twist and fold into many different and complex structures. they contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. their R groups can be either acidic or basic. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that plants make polysaccharides, while animals make proteins. proteins are made of monomers, while polysaccharides are not. polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides, while proteins are made of amino acids. proteins carry genetic information, while polysaccharides do not. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information. ribonucleic acid (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids nucleotides – monomers of Nucleic Acids. Monomer: nucleotides Polymer: DNA or RNA Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleotides consist of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar a phosphate group a nitrogenous base Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lipids Lipids not soluble in water. Common categories of lipids are: fats oils waxes steroids Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lipids Function of Lipids: Used to store energy. Important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lipids glycerol Fatty acid Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Triglyceride Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Show me what you know: On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far. Let’s try it out!!! Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Many lipids are formed from glycerol and fatty acids. monosaccharides. amino acids. nucleic acids. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Write this down on the back Monomer + monomer = polymer Glucose + glucose = carbs Amino acid + amino acid = protein Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = lipid Nucleotide + nucleotide = nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)