Organic Compounds: Lipids and Nucleic Acids Chapter 6.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Compounds: Lipids and Nucleic Acids Chapter 6

Lipids

Function Long term energy storage Insulation (layers of fat keep living things warm) Protective, waterproof covering Important component of cells’ outer membranes Protect and cover vital organs

Elements Lipids are mainly long chains made out of carbon and hydrogen, but some oxygen as well

Examples Fats Waxes Oils Steroids Cholesterol

Testing for Lipids (oils and fats) The test called the “brown paper” test is used to test for fats and oils It’s also called the “greasy bag” test (you’ve seen this when you get greasy fast food and the bag gets grease spots on it List examples of positive tests for oil and fats:

Structure of a Fat Molecule “Triglyceride” Made up of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids chains (looks like the letter E)

Unsaturated Fats Contains at least one double bond in fatty acid chain, eliminating the number of hydrogen atoms Contains fewer calories and easier to digest: “healthy fats”

Saturated Fats Contains no double bonds in the fatty acid chains, all the carbons are bond to hydrogens Contains more calories and are harder to digest: “bad fats”

Properties of Lipids Lipids are insoluble: they don’t dissolve/mix with water Non-polar molecules (water is polar) Hydrophobic-literally means “water fearing/hating” Contain more energy than any type of nutrient

Grape Demonstration A peeled grape sinks while an unpeeled grape floats Why?

Fats vs. Oils Fats are usually found in animals or animal products. Examples: butter, milk, fat on meat Solid or liquid at room temperature Saturated or unsaturated? Oils are usually found in plants. Examples: sunflower, corn, canola, olive, coconut What part of the plant is where oils are found? Why? Solid or liquid at room temperature? Saturated or unsaturated?

Nucleic Acids

Function Carries the genetic code to make protein Transfers genetic information in order to determine traits of organism

Elements Nucleic Acids are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Examples DNA RNA ATP (energy source from breaking down glucose)

Structure of a Nucleic Acid Made of repeating building blocks called nucleotides Nucleotides are a 3-part structure consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base