SECTION 12.2 AND 12.3 DNA DNA IS DYNAMITE! Chapter 12 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

I. The Structure of DNA 1. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid 2. Contains all information to make genetic code

I. The Structure of DNA 3. DNA is composed of nucleotides 4. Nucleotides are composed of 3 structures: a) Deoxyribose: b) Phosphate grp: c) Nitrogen base:

DNA Components

I. The Structure of DNA 5. 4 types of Nitrogen bases: a) Adenine: A b) Guanine: G c) Cytosine: C d) Thymine: T

I. The Structure of DNA 6. Adenine & Guanine = _______________ 7. Cytosine & Thymine = _______________

II) The Double Helix 1. DNA is in shape of __________ 2. Double Helix: 2 nucleotide chains __________________ 3. Nucleotides are connected using covalent bonds a) Nitrogen bases are connected by hydrogen bonds

II) The Double Helix 4. ___ purine will always be connected to _____ pyrimidine

III) Complementary Base Pairing 1. Comp. Base Pairs: Nitrogen bases that pair together to connect the nucleotides of DNA a) Adenine : ____________ b) Guanine : 2. Base Pairing rules:

DNA

Replication of DNA

IV. Replication of DNAReplication of DNA 1. Process of copying DNA to create more DNA

IV. Replication of DNAReplication of DNA 2. Replication Steps a) DNA unwinds and unzips –enzyme Helicase breaks the _______ bonds b) Each chain will act as _________ (pattern) to copy new nucleotide c) DNA unzips: nucleotide pieces bond to each exposed half of DNA molecule d) Enzyme Polymerase bonds to monomers to create 2 identical strands

IV. Replication of DNA *Nucleotide monomers come from digested food *Point where helicase is separating DNA-Replication Fork

IV. Replication of DNA 3. DNA replication will occur in several different place and the same time

V. Accuracy and Repair 1. Mutation: miss match of complementary base pairs 2. Mutations can be corrected by _____________________________