Lipids  Commonly known as:  Fats  Oils  Waxes

5/19/20152  1. Organic Compound  Made up of carbon  Feels waxy or oily to the touch 2.Function of a lipid: a.Stores energy ~ long term b.Main component of our cell membranes c.Insulates our body

5/19/20153 d.Protects our major organs e. Transports certain types of vitamins and hormones around our body.

5/19/20154 Lipids are made up of: C, H and O Same set of elements found in carbs ……unused carbs get stored as body fat.

5/19/20155 Like carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are made up of repeating units. The repeating units in lipids are called: -Triglycerides “3” 1 lipid is made up of: 1 glycerol molecule 3 fatty acid molecules

5/19/20156 Many bonds need to be broken -need to add: water and enzymes “lipase” H2OH2O Lipds are then broken down by the process “Hydrolysis”

5/19/20157 Lipids contain more energy per gram than any other food source…very calorie loaded

5/19/20158 Types of lipids: 1.FATS a. Are solid at room temperature b. Found in animal products Lard Butter Meat Egg yolks Milk

5/19/20159 c. Known as “saturated” fats -unhealthy because they contain: -heart unhealthy“cholesterol”

5/19/ OILS a.Normally liquid at room temperature b.Found in plant products Margarine Vegetable Oils Nuts Olives

5/19/ c.Known as “unsaturated” fats/lipids -contains same amount of calories as saturated but are more healthier for you because they do not contain cholesterol.

5/19/201512

5/19/ Waxes a. Found in plants and animals b. Form of protection -covers all major organs c. Waterproof structures Cuticle on leaves Earwax

5/19/ Phospholipids a. Used to create our cell membranes.

5/19/ Steroids a units are formed naturally each day by our bodies. Should have no more than 1300 units per day. b. The rest of the steroids comes from the food we eat……which contain cholesterol (type of steroid).

5/19/ Normal level of cholesterol: -produced by all animals, including humans. -is needed for many bodily functions and serves to insulate nerve fibers, maintain cell walls and produce vitamin D, various hormones and digestive juices. -Cholesterol is produced by the liver. LDL’s: Low Density Lipoproteins Bad cholesterol Clogs our arteries HDL’s: High Density Lipoproteins Good cholesterol Moves cholesterol back to liver for removal from body.

5/19/ c.Steroids also include digestive bile and sex hormones.

5/19/ Two test for the presence of lipids: 1. Brown Bag Test -leaves a translucent spot -light passes through it

5/19/ Yummy!!!!!!!

5/19/ Solubility Test -lipids are soluble in lighter fluid BUT insoluble in water. Why? Remember: Likes dissolve likes -lipids are nonpolar so they do not dissolve in polar water but do dissolve in nonpolar lighter fluid

5/19/ Major problem with lipids: In order for lipids to be transported to our cells they must be able to dissolve in the water of our blood. But lipids are insoluble in water Solution?????????

5/19/ Emulsification: -lipids must be emulsified by digestive bile salts. -made by liver -stored in gall bladder -slowly released into small intestines.

5/19/ When a lipid is emulsified It is totally surrounded by the bile salt. The bile salt is soluble in the water of blood so the lipid gets carried away.

5/19/ Nucleic Acids -4 th Organic Compound -made up of carbon H, O, N and Phosphorus -There are only two type: -DNA -RNA

5/19/ Function of nucleic acids: -To store and transmit our genetic code. Nucleic Acids are made up of many repeating units or monomers known as nucleotides. To Be Continued in a later chapter….