Nucleic Acids Hereditary Material. Nucleic Acids VI. nucleic acids transmit hereditary information by determining what proteins a cell makes A. two classes.

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Nucleic Acids Hereditary Material

Nucleic Acids VI. nucleic acids transmit hereditary information by determining what proteins a cell makes A. two classes of nucleic acids found in cells: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) 1. DNA carries the genetic information cells use to make proteins 2. RNA functions in protein synthesis according to mechanisms

Nucleic Acids B. nucleic acids are polymers made of nucleotide monomers 1. a nucleotide consists of a five-carbon sugar ( ribose or deoxyribose ) one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base, an organic ring compound that contains nitrogen

Nucleic Acids

2. purines are double- ringed nitrogenous bases 3. pyrimidines are single- ringed nitrogenous bases

DNA vs. RNA C. DNA typically contains the purines adenine (A) and guanine (G), and the pyrimidines cytosine (C) and thymine (T) D. RNA typically contains the purines adenine (A) and guanine (G), and the pyrimidines cytosine (C) and uracil (U)

Nucleotides E. nucleotides are fastened together by phosphodiester bonds 1. the phosphate group of one nucleotide is fastened to the sugar of the adjacent nucleotide 2. the joining is yet another condensation reaction 3. the way that the are joined creates a polynucleotide strand with 5’ and 3’ ends F. the sequence of the 4 bases fastened to the sugar-phosphate backbone is genetic information

Phosphodiester Bond

DNA G. DNA is typically a double stranded molecule  the two strands twist into a double helix  hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases of opposite strands hold the strands together  the two strands are antiparallel

RNA H. RNA is typically a single stranded nucleic acid molecule, having only a single polynucleotide chain

Related Compounds I. “related compounds” – nucleotides, modified nucleotides, dinucleotides J. some single and double nucleotides with important biological functions: 1. adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) is an important energy carrying compound in metabolism 2. cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) is a hormone intermediary compound 3. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NAD + ) is an electron carrier which is oxidized or reduced in many metabolic reactions