Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nucleic Acids - Informational Polymers

Advertisements

Nucleic Acids The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by genes. Genes consist of DNA, which is a polymer belonging to the class of compounds.

Nucleic Acids nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information

CHAPTER 2 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES Section E: Nucleic Acids - Informational Polymers 1.Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary.

AP Biology Nucleic acids AP Biology Nucleic Acids.

Nucleic Acids Hereditary Material. Nucleic Acids VI. nucleic acids transmit hereditary information by determining what proteins a cell makes A. two classes.

Nucleic Acids. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept 5.5: Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.

BackBack Next Next CLOSE WINDOW.

Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers Lipids are hydrophobic.

3.3 DNA Structure –

Biology 107 Macromolecules III September 10, 2002.

Biology 107 Macromolecules III September 11, 2002.

Nucleic Acids -DNA and RNA

Introduction The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a gene. A gene consists of regions of DNA, a polymer of nucleic acids. DNA (and.

DNA. Nucleic Acids Informational polymers Made of C,H,O,N and P No general formula Examples: DNA and RNA.

Molecular Biology 2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA. Nucleic Acids The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides.

Recall the structure of DNA Describe the differences of DNA Explain how DNA is utilised for different purposes.

From DNA to Protein. Knowledge of Nucleic Acid Chemistry Is Essential to the Understanding of DNA Structure.

Regents Biology Nucleic Acids Information storage.

Macromolecules Part IV: Nucleic Acids Informational molecules.

Chapter 5 Part 5 Nucleic Acids 1. The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a discrete unit of inheritance known as a. A gene is a segment.

The nucleic acids include the amazing DNA molecule. It is the source of constancy and variation among species, and is the foundation for the unity and.

Nucleotides. There are five different nitrogenous bases that occur in DNA. These are – adenine(A), cytosine(C), guanine(G), thymine(T) and uracil. Uracil.

CHAPTER 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES 4- Nucleic Acids: The Informational Polymers 1.Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information.

AP Biology Nucleic Acids Information storage proteins DNA Nucleic Acids  Function:  genetic material  stores information  genes  blueprint for building.

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids are large biomolecules (polymers) – essential for all known forms of life Include DNA and RNA Made from long strands of nucleotides.

2015/04/10 Jun Min Jung MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY.

Lecture 10: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA). Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data In April 1953, James Watson.

Chapter 4 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Nucleic Acid.

1. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Page 47.  Chemical Composition  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus  Monomer  Nucleotide Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen base.

Chapter Pg Objective: I can identify and describe the different parts of DNA and use them to explain how genes encode for our traits by dictating.

1 Lipids Lipids are hydrophobic molecules Mostly C-H (non-polar) are the one class of large biological molecules that do not consist of polymers Uses:

THE MOLECULE BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA.

Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids Made from long strands of nucleotides (monomers) Nucleic acids are large biomolecules (polymers) – essential for all known.

Lecture 10: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

THE MOLECULE BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Nucleic acid Dr. Sahar Al Shabane.

DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is made of a 5 – carbon sugar (ribose), a nucleotide (ACTG), and a phosphate group (PO4).

CHAPTER 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES

DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double stranded a-helix

4- Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data In April 1953, James Watson.

General Animal Biology

Lecture 10: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

Nucleic Acids Information storage

Nucleic Acids Individual unit called a (mono)nucleotide

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

MACROMOLECULES NUCLEIC ACIDS

Nucleic Acids Section 3.5.

Lec2 م. م مياسه مثنى.

Nucleic Acids 1 1.

Lipids Lipids are hydrophobic molecules Mostly C-H (non-polar)

Biological Molecules – DNA & RNA

Concept 5.5: Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information

THE MOLECULE BASIS OF INHERITANCE

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Nucleic Acids Store and transfer genetic information

Lesson 8 Nucleic Acids.

General Animal Biology

4- Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data In April 1953, James Watson.

Lecture 10: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

Structure and function of DNA

Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

General Animal Biology

Presentation transcript:

Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Chem of Life Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids Biomolecules Store and Transmit Hereditary Information

Examples (Types) of Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

DNA Functions Provides directions for its own replication Direct RNA synthesis & through RNA controls protein synthesis

Genes Consist of DNA (a nucleic acid polymer) Molecules that enable living organisms to reproduce their complex components from one generation to the next.

DNA Inherited from parents Each chromosome contains one long DNA molecule with several hundred to more than a thousand genes) Copied before cell division to be passed onto next generation.

Molecular Structure: Monomer: nucleotide Each nucleotide monomer consists of: A phosphate group Pentose sugar Nitrogenous base

RNA Structure Polynucleotide: Simple polynucleotide (single strand) Pentose Sugar = Ribose Nitrogenous base (a purine or a pyrimidine) Phosphate group Simple polynucleotide (single strand)

RNA

DNA Structure Polynucleotide: Double Stranded Pentose Sugar = deoxyribose Nitrogenous base (a purine or a pyrimidine) Phosphate group Double Stranded

DNA

Ribose vs. Deoxyribose Deoxyribose lacks an Oxygen atom on the second C in the ring

FYI Numbered Carbons have a prime (‘) after them, note the 5’ C end is the one that sticks out from the ring. The phosphate group attached to the 5’ C of the ring

Recap Nucleic Acid Polymer = polynucleotides Examples: DNA & RNA Nucleic Acid Monomer = nucleotide Nucleoside (nitrogenous base & pentose) Phosphate group

Nitrogenous Bases Two families: Pyrimidine Purine

Pyrimidine: 6-membered ring & N atoms Members include: N atoms take up the H+ from solution (base) Members include: Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) (found only in DNA) Uracil (U) (found only in RNA)

Pyrimidine:

Purines Larger 6-membered ring fused to a 5-membered ring Members include: Adenine (A) Guanine (G)

Purines

Nitrogenous Base Functional Groups Vary Attached to the rings (Handout)

Polymerization Adjacent nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds (phosphodiester linkages) Involves the –OH group on 3’ C of one nucleotide to the phosphate group on the 5’ C of another nucleotide

Polymerization Result = backbone with repeating sugar-phosphate with a distinct 3’ and 5’ ends DNA (The 2 sugar phosphate strands run in opposite directions = antiparallel) The nitrogenous bases stick out like appendages and are complementary in DNA.

Biological Staining: Acridine orange (AO) is a nucleic acid selective fluorescent cationic dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions. When bound to DNA, it is very similar spectrally to fluorescein. Like fluorescein, it is also useful as a non-specific stain for backlighting conventionally stained cells on the surface of a solid sample of tissue (fluorescence backlighted staining[4]). Wells J. (1988) A Technique for Staining the Superficial Cells of Plucked Hair Follicles and Other Solid Tissues, Stain Technology, Vol 63, No3.

Resources: http://www.millerandlevine.com/chapter/12/bases.html http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/DNA.html 2006 Miller & Levine Prentice Hall Biology 2005 Campbell & Reece Biology 7th ed