BELL RINGER [3 Minutes] Mark K/S/H/D for new Macromolecules Vocabulary Words Write ONE sentence using ONE AWL Word

MYP Biology: The Macromolecules of Life

All Life on Earth is Carbon-Based CARBON is one of the four elements that makes up most living things. Since Carbon atoms can make COVALENT bonds with up to four other atoms, it forms the backbone of all of the essential molecules that make up living things.

What does it mean for a molecule to be Organic or Inorganic? Molecules that contain carbon are called ORGANIC. (There are a few exceptions to this—CO2 for example, is considered inorganic)   INORGANIC molecules do not contain carbon.

What are Macromolecules? Macromolecules are large, CARBON-based, organic molecules. There are four major types: CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS

What are Monomers and Polymers? Many carbon-based molecules are made up of smaller subunits joined together: The individual subunits are called MONOMERS. Multiple monomers join together to make POLYMERS.

CARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharide Polysaccharide MONOMER: Monosaccharide POLYMER: Polysaccharide FUNCTION: Primary energy source for cells/ organisms STRUCTURE: Carbon-based rings (C,H,O) EXAMPLES: Glucose, Starch, Lactose, Sucrose

LIPIDS Fatty Acid Lipids MONOMER: Fatty Acid POLYMER: Lipids FUNCTION: Energy storage, cell signaling (hormones), insulation of body, cell membrane structure STRUCTURE: Long carbon-based straight chains (C,H,O) EXAMPLES: Cholesterol and other steroids, oils, and fats

PROTEINS Amino Acid Protein MONOMER: Amino Acid POLYMER: Protein FUNCTION: Body structure, vision, movement, speed-up chemical reactions STRUCTURE: Folded-up chains of 20 different types of amino acids (C,H,O,N) EXAMPLES: Hemoglobin, Keratin, Insulin, Myosin

NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleotide Nucleic Acid MONOMER: Nucleotide POLYMER: Nucleic Acid FUNCTION: Store and express genetic information STRUCTURE: Long chains of nucleotides (C,H,O,N), DNA ‘helix’ EXAMPLES: DNA, RNA

Common Monomers: Amino Acid Nucleotide Fatty Acid Monosaccharide

NOTE: Organic molecules are often drawn w/o Carbon…

ORGANIC or INORGANIC??

Check 4 Understanding! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer

Check 4 Understanding! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Protein Nucleic Acid Lipid

Check 4 Understanding! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Monosaccharaide Polysaccharide Protein Nucleic Acid Lipid

Check 4 Understanding! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Monosaccharaide Polysaccharide Protein Amino Acid Nucleic Acid Lipid

Check 4 Understanding! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Monosaccharaide Polysaccharide Protein Amino Acid Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA or RNA Lipid

Check 4 Understanding! Macromolecule Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Monosaccharaide Polysaccharide Protein Amino Acid Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA or RNA Lipid Fatty Acid

Name this Macromolecule… Stores and expresses genetic info of cells Made up of nucleotide monomers Examples: DNA & RNA… NUCLEIC ACIDS

Name this Macromolecule… Primary energy source of cells Often called “sugars” or ‘saccharides’ Examples: Glucose, Lactose, Starch… CARBOHYDRATES

Name this Macromolecule… Stores extra energy in organisms Makes up hormones (signaling molecules) Insulates and protects body Makes up cell membranes Often called “fats” Examples: Cholesterol, oils… LIPIDS

Name this Macromolecule… Builds body structure Speeds-up chemical reactions Helps with movement and vision Made up of Amino Acid monomers Examples: Hemoglobin, Keratin… PROTEINS

Card-sort Activity: In groups, sort the nine molecule cards into 3 groups of three based on their qualities… PROTEINS CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS