Organic Chem Review

MONOMERS Macromolecules are made up of smaller units called

ISOMERS These two molecules Are examples of ______________.

Organic molecules contain the elements ____________ and _________, and they must be _____________. CARBON HYDROGEN BONDED TOGETHER

HYDROXYL CARBOXYLIC ACID Name the functional groups. O

Amino Name the functional groups. CH3 NH2

Dehydration synthesis The reaction by which monomers are joined together is called ______________________.

Ring oxygen hydroxide Carbohydrates consist of a __________, with _______embedded in it, and several _______________ functional units.

Carbohydrate disaccharide This molecule can be categorized as a ___________, and a ___________________.

Glycosidic bonds The bonds that hold monosaccharides together are called _______________.

Energy, structure in plants (cellulose), structure in invertebrates (exoskeletons) The functions of carbohydrates are ___________.

43 If a polymer has 43 bonds, how many molecules of water were produced during dehydration synthesis?

monosaccharide The monomer of a carbohydrate is called ______.

-ose Carbohydrates can be recognized by name, because they all end in _________.

hydrophobic Lipids are grouped together because they are all ___________, not because of structural similarities.

Glycerol fatty acids Fats are composed of one ______ molecule with three __________ attached.

no Saturated fats contain ___ double bonds.

Cell membranes Phospholipids are a key component of ___________.

Glycerol phosphate group fatty acids Phospholipids are composed of one __________, one ______, and two _____________.

Phosphate fatty acid The _______ end of a phospholipid is hydrophilic, and the ________ end is hydrophobic.

Phosphate fatty acid When phospholipids are in the presence of water, the ______ end will face the water, the _________ will face inside – thus forming a ___________________.

steroids The three lipids are fats, phospholipids, and __________.

Rings fused together Steroids consist of four _______ that are _________.

Dehydration synthesis The reactions shown above is

Energy, cushioning for organs, insulation The functions of lipids are ____________.

Amino acids Protein monomers are called __________.

peptide Protein monomers are connected by ________ bonds.

20 There are ______ amino acids.

There are ____ levels of protein structure. 4

The primary structure consists of a protein’s ____________. AMINO ACID SEQUENCE

The secondary structure consists of ____________. ALPHA HELIX OR BETA PLEATS

The tertiary structure consists of ____________. FOLDING CAUSED BY ELECTRICAL CHARGES AND HYDROPHOBICITY OF AMINO ACIDS

The quaternary structure consists of ____________. PROTEIN MOLECULES BONDING WITH OTHER PROTEIN MOLECULES

If conditions are not optimum, a protein molecule will unfold. This is called ____________. DENATURING

Can proteins renature? YES

What happens when proteins denature? THEY DO NOT FUNCTION

contain amino and carboxyl functional groups Amino acids structurally ______________.

protein

fat

hydrolysis The reaction shown above is ____________

phospholipid bilayer

steroid

phospholipid

NUCLEIC ACID

The primary purpose of Nucleic Acids is _________. TO STORE AND TRANSMIT GENETIC INFORMATION

There are ____ nucleic acids (____________). 2 Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid

There are ______ parts of nucleic acids: __________. 3 A 5-ring sugar, a phosphate group, and a base

The two sides of a nucleic acid strand are held together by _________ bonds. HYDROGEN

The monomer of nucleic acids is _____________. NUCLEOTIDES

Cells get most of their energy from ___________. ATP

The ATP molecule consists of _____________. The base Adenine, a 5-ring sugar, and three phosphate groups attached.

ATP