KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together and are known as MACROMOLECULES

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Four main types of carbon-based molecules or macromolecules are found in living things. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Carbohydrates include sugars and starches. Simple sugars. (one ring) Complex Carbohydrates include starches, cellulose, and glycogen.

Can be broken down to provide energy for cells. Carbohydrates Can be broken down to provide energy for cells. Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Cell Wall

Lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Lipids have many different functions. Store energy Make up cell membranes Repel water

The cell membrane is made of two layers of lipids along with carbohydrates and proteins.

Lipids include fats, oils, cholesterol and wax. Cholesterol, wax =Solid @ room temp Fats=Solid @ room temp. Oils=Liquid @ room temp

contain C, H, O, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur. -Proteins contain C, H, O, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur. Proteins are made by linking Amino Acids to form proteins. Amino Acid .

Proteins are long chains of amino acid. Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids. Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape. hydrogen bond Simple……………………………………Complex

Protein have many functions Antibodies - defend the body Muscles–movement Enzymes-speed up chemical reactions. Hormonal-- Insulin regulates glucose. Structural - hair, quills, feathers, horns, nails and beaks. Storage - egg whites; casein in milk Transport- hemoglobin transports oxygen

Insulin Pump

Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. One Nucleotide

Nucleotides are made of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphate

DNA stores genetic information. There are two types of Nucleic Acids. DNA stores genetic information. DNA RNA builds proteins RNA