Atom - smallest particle of an element basic building blocks molecules Negative

Molecules made up of carbon atoms !!!!!

Carbon atoms are unique in that they can bond together and create large polymers or macromolecules Single Bond- Double Bond Triple Bond

A monomer is a single unit such as this link in the entire chain.

Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins

Glucose and fructose are simple sugars called a monosaccharide – Both have the chemical formula C 6 H 12 O 6 A disaccharide, such as sucrose, contain 2 sugar monomers and a polysaccharide contain numerous…….Below is the polymer starch which is also a polysaccharide! What is the monomer??

**A branched polymer made up of numerous glucose monomers ** Stored in the Liver and muscle of mammals **Long-term energy storage ** Quickly broken down into glucose for immediate energy

** Polymer of Glucose ** Stored in Plant cells walls **Offers the plant support ** Energy storage ** Makes up cell wall ** Food source for seeds and plant bulbs

The differences in structures of carbohydrates – but remember all are glucose polymers!!!

Only Carbon-Carbon single Bonds Has Carbon-Carbon double Bonds

Remember the cell membrane?  Phospholipid bilayer!!!  Semi-permeable, allowing only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrane to enter or exit the cell.

One example is cholesterol Most of the cholesterol in our bodies is produced in the liver, though some of it comes from the foods we eat. The body needs some cholesterol important to the body's cell membranes the production of certain hormones helps act as insulation for your nerves.

** The basic building blocks of proteins are called amino acids. **Remember protein synthesis???? **A peptide bond bonds amino acids together **Creates a polypeptide

Chemical signaler protein produced in the pancreas Causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from blood and convert it to glycogen that can be stored in the liver and muscles Diabetes is a condition when a person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both.

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction (a catalyst) by lowering the energy needed to begin the reaction (Below) Re-usable Molecule specific – like a lock and key -Example: ONLY Lactase will break down lactose. It will NEVER break down proteins

Active Site Specific Enzyme Starch ***** Enzymes are substrate-specific !!!!! Simple useable sugars (product) Protein Lipid Which substrate can be reduced by the enzyme??

Enzymes are affected by:

Rate of Reaction pH Affects Enzyme Reactivity pH scale This enzyme functions in an environment that has a pH of about 4, which is acidic

 Single-Stranded  Nitrogen bases Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Uracil (U)  Remember NO Thymine (T)  Ribose sugar  Double- Stranded double helix  Nitrogen bases Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T)  Remember NO Uracil (U)  Deoxy-ribose sugar

Complete the table of organic molecules Use the handout and this PowerPoint to guide you Cut out the illustrations and paste them in the appropriate place!