NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Wind Tunnel Team Faculty Advisors: Student Researchers: Dr. Chivey Wu Dr. Helen Boussalis Dr. Darrell Guillaume Dr. Charles Liu Long Ly Nhan Doan SPACE Center 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Computational and Experimental Investigation of a Turbine-less Jet Engine Objective Background Gas Turbine Engine Ramjet Engine Turbine-less Ducted Fan Engine Analytical Model CFD Analysis Wind Tunnel Testing and Validation Preliminary Hydrogen Combustion Applications Future Objectives Questions? 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Motivation Low-Cost Propulsion System for Future UAV Utilization of Alternative Fuels (Hydrogen, Bio Fuel) Potential Application in Hybrid Propulsion Systems (Fuel Cells, Solar Photovoltaic, Lithium Batteries) 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Objective Design, Computational Simulation & Performance Tests of a Turbine-less Ducted Fan Jet Engine Approach: Analytical Prediction of thrust, power required, efficiency Computational Flow field & combustion simulation Prediction of engine performance Experimental Wind tunnel testing Hydrogen combustion testing Measurement of engine performance 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Background Turbo Jet Engine Air Inlet Compressor Combustion Chamber Turbine Nozzle Disadvantages Mechanical Complexity Thermal Limits Expensive to Develop * Image from NASA – Glenn Research Center 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Background Ramjet Engine Air Inlet Combustor Nozzle Advantage No Moving Parts Disadvantage Cannot Self-Start * Image from ThinkQuest 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Turbine-less Ducted Fan Jet Engine Concept Advantages: No need for a turbine Low cost Self-starting Features Ducted Fan, Combustor & Nozzle Fan driven by electric motor Electricity from solar panels/fuel cells Combustor & fuel cell may share same fuel (e.g. Hydrogen) 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Analytical Model Impeller Analysis Moment-of-Momentum Equation Simplification to obtain Torque Shaft Power Pressure Rise Guided Vane 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Combustor & Nozzle Analysis P2’ Po2’ M2’ T2’ P1 Po1 M1 T1 To1 P2 Po2 M2 T2 To2 P3 Po3 M3 T3 To3 Combustor: 1-D Heat Addition (Rayleigh Flow) Nozzle: 1-D Isentropic Flow 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A CFD Simulation Flow field: Cosmos Floworks 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 10

Tangential Velocity Gradients CFD: Swirling Flow Tangential Velocity Gradients 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 11

Combustion Simulation 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 12

Combustion Simulation 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 13

Combustion Simulation 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 14

Test Model Development JetPro DF-70 Ducted Fan Specifications: Inner Diameter: 69 mm Outer Diameter: 72 mm Rotor: 8 Blade Max Motor Diameter 29 mm Motor Shaft Diameter 3.17 mm Total Weight 54.5g (1.92 oz) Hacker B20-26L DC Motor Specifications: Operating Current 10 A Peak Amps 57 A Peak Watts 220 W RPM/V 2077 Motor Diameter 20 mm Motor Length 44.5 mm Shaft Diameter 2.3 mm Shaft Length 10 mm Weight 58g (2.03 oz) 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Test Model Development Motor Mount Extension with Fuel injector 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Wind Tunnel Testing 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Combustor Model Development RCLander 68mm Aluminum Alloy Ducted Fan Specifications: Inner Diameter: 69 mm Outer Diameter: 73 mm Rotor: 8 Blade Max Motor Diameter 28 mm Motor Shaft Diameter 3.17 mm Total Weight 54.5g (1.92 oz) Elite 370 Brushless DC Motor Specifications: Operating Current 10 A Peak Amps 15 A Input Watts 125 W RPM/V 5400 Motor Diameter 20 mm Motor Length 44.5 mm Shaft Diameter 3.17 mm Shaft Length 10 mm Weight 48g (1.7 oz) 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 18

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Wind Tunnel Testing 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Instrumentation Force Transducer Pitot tubes Pressure Transducers Thermocouples Relative Humidity Measurement LabVIEW Data Acquisition Laser Tachometer Batteries/Power Supply Controller/Receiver/Transmitter Multi-meters Hydrogen Tank/ Pressure Regulator 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Engine Performance Tests 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Engine Performance Tests 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Static Test Results 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Static Test Results 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Static Test Results 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Wind Tunnel Test Results 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Dynamic Test Results 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Dynamic Test Results 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Wind Tunnel Test Results 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Static Combustion Test Results 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Current Progress Two Conference Papers (Fall 2009, Spring 2010) Two M.S. Theses (by June 2010) 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Future Tasks Wind Tunnel Testing with Combustion More CFD Simulations Refinement of Fuel Injector Design Refinement of Combustor Design Integration of Nozzle Design Performance Optimization 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

Project Timeline 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 2009 March April May June July August September Long Ly Fabrication of Dry Ice Flow Visualization Design of Turbine-less Jet Engine Setup CNC router Learn and Train CNC router operations CFD Model Development CFD Model Validation Nhan Doan Validate LabView Data Acquisition Fabrication of Flow Test Model Analytical Model Development Analytical Model Validation 2010 October November December January February CFD Static Analysis & Static Wind Tunnel Testing Preparation for Dynamic Wind Tunnel Testing CFD Dynamic Analysis & Dynamic Wind Tunnel Testing Combustion CFD Model, Fabrication of Combustor Test Model, Preliminary Static Testing Static Analytical Analysis & Static Wind Tunnel Testing Dynamic Analytical Analysis & Dynamic Wind Tunnel Testing Combustion Analytical Model , Fabrication of Combustor Test Model, Preliminary Static Testing CFD Model Simulation, Refinement from Static Combustion Data, Analysis of Hot Fire Test Data Preparation for Combustion Testing in Wind Tunnel/ Preparation for Conferences Combustion CFD Dynamic Analysis & Dynamic Wind Tunnel Testing Nozzle Design Nozzle Fabrication Analytical Model Validation from Static Combustion Testing Data/ Analysis of Hot Fire Test Data Combustion Dynamic Analytical Analysis & Dynamic Wind Tunnel Testing 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Applications High speed UAV’s V/STOL UAV’s LADF: Lift Augmented Ducted Fan; combines high speed and VTOL Hyfish Horizon Fuel Cell 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A Acknowledgement Space Center Members: Solomon Yitagesu Sara Esparza Cesar Olmedo Johanna Lopez Alonzo Perez Shing Chan 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A

NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A ? 4/16/2017 NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A