Team Notus TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 Horizontal Wind Turbine

The Team Team Members: Hector Bonilla Albert Gonzalez Laura Nguyen Austin Glaze 1 Instructor: Raresh Pascali Faculty Advisor: Medhat Nahas Industry Advisor: Michael Burriello Demond Williams TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

Outline  Objectives  Goals  Background  Wind Energy Theory  Design  Costs  Project Management  Questions 2 TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

Objectives Design and fabricate a wind turbine that will convert kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power Implement the wind turbine at the base of the University of Houston’s Central Plant cooling towers TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 3 Courtesy of Pond5

Goals Design a wind turbine that will operate in wind speeds ranging from m/s To have an efficiency ranging from 35-45% Self-starting with an operational start-up speed not less than 2 m/s Capable to operate continuously as long as the cooling towers are running Fit in the cooling tower’s opening of 14.6 m x 5.5 m (L x H) 4 TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1

TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN m 14.6m

TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 Courtesy of University of Houston Central Plant 6

Background What is a wind turbine? o A device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power How do they work? o Wind rotates the turbine blades connected to a rotor shaft that leads to the generator What types are available? o Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) o Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 7

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Main rotor shaft is parallel to the ground Rotor steers into the wind by a wind vane Rotor path enables ability to convert much larger amount of wind power over the same period of time Turbine components located behind the blades Courtesy of Winddturbin TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 8

Wind Energy Theory TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 9 Image courtesy of Energy Partner Consultants

Betz’s Law Image courtesy of The Encyclopedia of Earth TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 10

Archimedes Screw TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 Helical surface extruded along a shaft Primary function o Used as a method for transferring fluids by rotating a screw-shaped shaft inside a hollow pipe Secondary function o Reverse flow can generate electricity by running fluids through the shaft rotating the screw Image courtesy of Gopixpic 11

Fibonacci Spiral The sequencing of numbers starting with either 0-1, or 1-1 o Each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two More commonly know as the golden ratio Forms a spiral expanding outwards from a center point by connecting each corner of the boxes formed Image courtesy of Mathyear TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 12

Creo TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 13

Creo TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 14

TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 15 Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 16

TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 17 Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD)

TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 Generators Alxion 400STK2M Ginlong GL-PMG-3500PMGL 330-6MDVE PMGI-3K-320 Rating 4.0 kW3.5 kW3.0 kW Efficiency 79%72%76%94% Mass 35 kg78 kg68 kg67 kg Startup.Speed 2 m/s3 m/s2 m/s2.5 m/s 18

TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 Blade Material PVC (Type 1) Sheeting5052-H32 Aluminum Sheeting Thickness1.59 mm Mass12.77 kg11.08 kg Price per blade$42.52$

Frame TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 Titanium Grade 1Stainless Steel Type 316Aluminum 5052-H32 Density 4.51 g/cm g/cm g/cm 3 Hardness 120 B79 B60 B UTS 240 MPa580 MPa228 MPa Yield Strength 210 MPa290 MPa193 MPa Mass 0.54 kg/m2.25 kg/m0.80 kg/m Price per meter $85.10$37.79$

Cost Projection TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 21 Blade$225 Shaft$130 Hub$50 Frame Piping$390 Pallet Piping$300 Bearing$115 Generator$1000 Miscellaneous$100 Contingency$575 Total$2885

TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 Gantt Full 22

WBS TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 23

Risk Matrix TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 LIKELIHOOD ProbabilityTeam Notus Risk Matrix Certain Likely 1 Possible 2,3 Unlikely 64,57 Rare NegligibleMarginalCriticalCatastrophic SEVERITY SeverityRisksMitigation 1 Fabrication Setbacks Contact appropriate manufactures in order to understand how to properly fabricate wind turbine components 2 Turbine InefficientResearch all factors effecting efficiency in current location 3 Improper Design Properly research all design factors and allocate time for redesign 4 Timely Completion Follow team scheduling, and hold other accountable for completion of work 5 Team Management Properly schedule team meetings around school/work schedules. And communicate between team members 6 BudgetDesign turbine using reasonable component pricing 7 InjuryPrioritize safety above all other factors 24

Questions? TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN 1 25 Image courtesy of Pollution Issues

Recommendations TEAM NOTUS UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY SENIOR DESIGN Aluminum blades (easier to form) -Blades formed with wire and layered with fiber glass - Collapsible design (send outer space)