PAKISTAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR TECHNOLOGIST AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOP AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOP June 30, 2012 Impact of Sugarcane Varieties in Improvement of Sugar Mills Recoveries By Karim Bakhsh Malik
Missionary Statement Our cane yields are one of the lowest in the world and the sugar mill’s recoveries do not match the economic goals of our sugar industry
Expansion in Sugar Industry and Cane Area in Punjab and KPK ParticularsPunjabKPK Cane area “000”acres No of Sugar mills Cane Crushed MT 6527, ,035
Cane Yield and Sugar Recovery in Punjab and KPK, During Cane Yield and Sugar Recovery in Punjab and KPK, During Year PunjabKPK Cane Yield t/ha Sugar Rec. % Cane Yield t/ha Sugar Rec. %
Periodic Progress in Improvement in Cane and Sugar Yields of Pak-Punjab and Indian Punjab Year Pak. PunjabIndian Punjab Cane yield t/ha Sugar Rec. % Sugar yield t/ha Cane yield t/ha Sugar Rec. % Sugar yield t/ha
Agencies Involved in Cane Development Activities 1. Role of sugar mills in cane variety development. 2. Role of Sugarcane Research Institute in variety evolution. 3. Response of growers to new varieties. 4. Government policies.
Role of Sugar Mills in Cane Variety Development Sugar Mills have the responsibility to propagate seed of high sugar varieties for its multiplication with growers. Right approach To evaluate the performance of new varieties at sugar mills farm With respect to Their adoptability in the region rapid multiplication of seed Replacement of run out varieties
Quite a few Sugar Mills have the insight to Quite a few Sugar Mills have the insight to Replace the run out varieties Replace the run out varieties Some sugarmills provide incentive on seed Some sugarmills provide incentive on seed and other inputs while others are least and other inputs while others are least growers. growers. It takes long time to develop a variety in the region. It takes long time to develop a variety in the region.
Five Categories of Sugar Mills with Recovery Ranges of 7.0 to 10.25% No. of Factories No. of Factories Sugar Recovery Ranges 89.5 to 10.25% 99.0 to 9.5% to 9.0% 98.0 to 8.5% 67.0 to 8.0%
Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab S.NoSugar Mill Average for the period to to to Indus JDW Kamalia Etihad R.Y.K Hamza JDW Ashraf
Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab S.NoSugar Mill Average for the period to to to Haq Bahoo Fatima Tandlianwala Tandlianwala Adam Shakarganj Brothers Chaudhry Layyah
Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab S. No Sugar Mill Average for the period to to to Pattoki Chanar Sheikhoo Kashmir Madina Hunza Colony (Punjab) Abdullah Shakarganj Bhone Husein Huda Ramzan
Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab S. No Sugar Mill Average for the period to to to Macca Ittefaq Haseeb Waqas Baba Farid Safina (Ph. Wali) Shahtaj
Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in Punjab S. No Sugar Mill Average for the period to to to Gojra National Fecto Kohinoor Colony (Phalia) Noon Chishtia Abdullah (Shahpur)
Sugar Recovery % Data of Sugar Mills in K.P.K S.NoSugar Mill Average for the period to to to Al-Moiz Chashma Chashma Zamand Khazana Premier Bannu
The 17 Sugar Mills having recovery over 9% must have taken measures to improve recovery. The 17 Sugar Mills having recovery over 9% must have taken measures to improve recovery. We have to ask the 15 mills with sugar recovery of less than 8.5%, We have to ask the 15 mills with sugar recovery of less than 8.5%, Has the technology specific to recovery improvement not reach their door steps? Cane variety is the single most important factory affecting Sugar Mills recovery. Points to Ponder
Periodic Sugar Recoveries of Cane Varieties at Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad. VarietiesOct.Nov.Dec.Jan.Feb.Mar. Average Nov. - Mar CO CPF HSF HSF CPF CPF CP CPF
Name of Mill Season Nov.Dec.Jan.Feb.Mar. Season Avg. JDW RYK Haq Bahu Layyah Hussain Ittefaq Noon Periodic Sugar Recoveries of Different Sugar Mills in Punjab, During
Impact of Cane Variety Composition Average recovery of mills to be high or low depends on low depends on Cane variety composition in the area. Cane variety composition in the area. High sugar varieties grown in a large proportion would result in higher recoveries. High sugar varieties grown in a large proportion would result in higher recoveries. Cane varieties to be harvested according to their maturity period. Cane varieties to be harvested according to their maturity period.
Cane Variety Composition Chart in Al-Moiz Cane Varieties Area acres % Share Area acres % share Area acres % share CPF CP HSF HSF CPF CO Total Sugar Rec. %
Cane Variety Composition Chart in Premier Sugar Mills, Mardan Variety Cane Variety Composition - % area CP NCO CP 44/ CP 48/ CP 51/ Triton MR CO Sugar Rec. %
Cane Variety Composition Chart in Meeran - Zamand Area, During Variety (area acres) % Share (area acres) % Share (area acres) % Share CP CPF SPF CPF HSF HSF CPF Misc. S G 555, SG 79, CP 44-33, CPF 235) CO Total Sugar Rec. %
Role of Sugarcane Research Institute To evolve new cane varieties to meet the demands of growers and Industry. To evolve new cane varieties to meet the demands of growers and Industry. Testing varietals performance in different ecological conditions. Testing varietals performance in different ecological conditions. Supply of seed to sugar mills farms and cane growers. Supply of seed to sugar mills farms and cane growers.
Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad The main Institute working for variety evolution in Punjab. The main Institute working for variety evolution in Punjab. Sindh and KPK are also beneficiaries of its varieties released at Faisalabad. Sindh and KPK are also beneficiaries of its varieties released at Faisalabad. The Institute has tried its best to release varieties with meagre resources The Institute has tried its best to release varieties with meagre resources The varieties evolved in recent Past have the potential to give average recoveries of over 11% The varieties evolved in recent Past have the potential to give average recoveries of over 11% If fully adopted can bring revolution in sugar industry If fully adopted can bring revolution in sugar industry
Periodic Sugar Recoveries 0f Cane Varieties at SRI, Faisalabad VarietiesOct.Nov.Dec.Jan.Feb.Mar. Average Nov. - Mar CO CPF HSF HSF CPF CPF CP CPF
New Promising Cane Varieties Expected to be Released in Future Variety Periodic Sugar Recover %Average Nov.Dec.Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr. Nov. - Mar. S US S2003-US
Evolution of Site Specific Cane Varieties Varieties to be adaptable in different soils types Varieties to be adaptable in different soils types High sugar yielding varieties High sugar yielding varieties Varieties to be tolerant to prevailing diseases Varieties to be tolerant to prevailing diseases Tolerant to prevailing pests Tolerant to prevailing pests Tolerant to biotic stresses Tolerant to biotic stresses Specific for mechanized cultivation Specific for mechanized cultivation
Besides all this high level of performance The Institute should have a vigorous germplasm for a regular flow of varieties to meet the demand of sugar industry. The Institute should have a vigorous germplasm for a regular flow of varieties to meet the demand of sugar industry.
Germplasm Sources of Variety Evolution at SRI, Faisalabad, (Cronological order) Germplasm Source Varieties Evalued Period Average yield t ha Sugar Rec. % Coimbatore COL Col COL Barbados BL BL Muree L L IntroductionTriton BarbadosBF Introduction CP CP CP
Germplasm Sources of Variety Evolution at SRI, Faisalabad, (Crondogical order) Germplasm Source Varieties Evalued Period Average yield t ha Sugar Rec. % Brazil SPF SPF SPF Thatta HSF HSF USA CPF CPF CPF CPF USA & Sri LankaNear future IndiaCO
Seedlings Transplanted with Germplasm Source from 1990 to 2011 PeriodSource Seedlings No USA (538), Thatta (11715) USA (538), Thatta (11715) USA (10513), Thatta (7480) USA (10513), Thatta (7480) Th. (23133), Murr. (8) Th. (23133), Murr. (8) Braz. (5255), Murr. (302), Th. (13041) Braz. (36047), Murr. (639) Braz. (36047), Murr. (639) USA (6259), Th. (1424) USA (6259), Th. (1424) Braz. (29547), Murr. (83) Braz. (29547), Murr. (83) Braz. (7203), USA (11151) Braz. (7203), USA (11151) Braz. (13381), USA (11058), Murr. (32) Braz. (13381), USA (11058), Murr. (32) USA (14362) USA (14362)
PeriodSource Seedlings No USA (15958), Th. (1233), Murr. (32) USA (15315), Th. (16365), Murr. (33) Aust. (7410), USA (2061), Murr. (579) Aust. (2383), USA (13382), Braz. (2558), Murr. (740) Aust. (6499), USA (1160), Th. (147), Murr. (808) Aust. (1897), Th. (14), Murr. (1) Aust. (311), USA (2338), Maur. (542), Th. (119), Murr. (1115) S. Afr. (1071), Th. (8), Murr. (52) S. Afr. (896) Sri Lanka (6375), Th. (8), Murr. (102) Average per annum 15234
Selection Pressure in Cane Seedling at Different Cane Breeding Stations Country Cane area (‘000’ha.)Crosses(number) Seedlings per annum Australia ,000 Brazil ,000 India ,000 Indonesia ,200,000 Mauritius ,000 South Africa ,000 USA ,000 Sri Lanka ,000 Pakistan ,000
Cane Variety Selection Program Seedlings raised in exotic status are out come of well planned crossing program. Seedlings raised in exotic status are out come of well planned crossing program. In Pakistan the selection work is based on donation or random purchase without any character in view. In Pakistan the selection work is based on donation or random purchase without any character in view.
Future Task Infact neither Government, nor sugar industry has realised the importance of cane breeding program. Infact neither Government, nor sugar industry has realised the importance of cane breeding program. All the fuzz import has been due to efforts of individual researchers. All the fuzz import has been due to efforts of individual researchers. It is not a long term program. It is not a long term program. It is just a time gap arrangement. It is just a time gap arrangement. Our industry is to exist for ever. Our industry is to exist for ever. For its bright future, industry should have its own can breeding station to be established at Thatta. For its bright future, industry should have its own can breeding station to be established at Thatta.
To promote growing quality varieties sugar mills should change its cane procurements policy Targets should not be fixed for maximum purchase of certain quantum of cane, it should be rather on production of sugar in a season. This policy would develop a close liasion between cane, chemical and mechanical departments
Cane payment system Flat rate on cane irrespective of its quality Flat rate on cane irrespective of its quality It does not encourage to grow quality cane Growers taste was CO 1148, SPF 238. Growers were compelled to eradicate unwanted varieties by un- authorized cut on cane wt/ cane price. It does not encourage to grow quality cane Growers taste was CO 1148, SPF 238. Growers were compelled to eradicate unwanted varieties by un- authorized cut on cane wt/ cane price. Cane payment system need to be linked with cane quality. Cane payment system need to be linked with cane quality. Government Policies
–Growers look for their benefits in terms of high cane yield – irrespect of quality Good ratooner. Good ratooner. Well adapted varieties in the region Well adapted varieties in the region Growers have selective response to new lines Growers have selective response to new lines CP77-400, SPF-234, CPF-237, HSF240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, CPF246, 247. CP77-400, SPF-234, CPF-237, HSF240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, CPF246, 247. Response of Growers to Cane Varieties
Conclusion Our cane yields and recoveries are one of the lowest in the world The steps taken to improve provincial yields and and recoveries are questioned For about 4-5 decades we dragged on consistently low sugar yields Features of some improvement have been noticed from 1990 onward but to match the progressing world much has yet to be done
The agencies involved in cane variety development have been discussed The sugar industry has just waken up showing a little rise in sugar recoveries, but still 30-40% of the mills seem to be immobile Sugarcane Res. Instt. has in near past released very remarkable varieties like CP-400, SPF234 HSF240 and CPF246,their efforts are applaudable---- but the Instt. Lacks ample germplasm for frequent release of site specific varieties Both Govt. and the sugar industry are to be blamed for not establishing self contained Cane Breeding fascilities in Pakistan All the agencies should realize the importance of cane breeding for bright future of ever lasting sugar industry of Pakistan
For bright future of ever lasting Sugar Industry the importance of cane breeding has not been realized To assure a bright future long terms measure are earnestly required rather than time gap arrangements