CITIES AT RISK A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

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CITIES AT RISK A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

EXAMPLE: THIRTY-FIVE CITIES AT HIGH RISK FROM EARTHQUAKES These cities have physical and socioeconomic factors known to increase risk (the chance of loss) to people, buildings, and infrastructure when a M7.0 or greater earthquake occurs

HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF RISK EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK

TECTONIC DEFORMATION EARTHQUAKE TSUNAMI GROUND SHAKING FAULT RUPTURE FOUNDATION FAILURE SITE AMPLIFICATION LIQUEFACTION LANDSLIDESAFTERSHOCKSSEICHE DAMAGE/LOSS DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS

FACTORS KNOWN TO INCREASE URBAN RISK FROM EARTHQUAKES  exponential growth in population  high density urban development  a low GDP and a deep poverty cycle  lack of enforcement of a modern building code and modern infrastructure standards  lack of modern emergency management  high to very high seismicity  prone to landslides and liquefaction  prone to tsunamis, in some cases

TEHRAN, IRAN IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

ALGIERS, ALGERIA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

GREATER CAIRO, EGYPT IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

DEHLI, INDIA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

KATHMANDU, NEPAL IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

ISMIT, TURKEY IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

ISTANBUL, TURKEY IS VULNERABLE FROM EARTHQUAKES

WENCHUAN, CHINA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

TASHKENT, UZBEKISTAN IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

JAKARTA, INDONESIA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

MANILA, THE PHILIPPINES IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

MEXICO CITY, MEXICO IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

SAN SALVADOR, EL SALVADOR IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

SANTIAGO, CHILE IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

QUITO, ECUADOR IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

CARACAS, VENEZUELLA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

THESSALONIKI, GREECE IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

LISBON, PORTUGAL IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

BARCELONA, SPAIN IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

TANGSHAN, CHINA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

KOBE, JAPAN IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

NAGOYA,JAPAN IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

TOKYO, JAPAN IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

TIA JUANA, MEXICO IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

LOS ANGELES, CA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

SAN FRANCISCO IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

SEATTLE, WA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

ANCHORAGE, ALASKA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

VANCOUVER, CANADA IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES

MEMPHIS, TN IS VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES