Urinary System & IVP(U) Chapter 14 Urinary System & IVP(U)

Urinary System 2 __________ 2 Ureters 1 __________ 1 Urethra

Kidneys Posterior Abdominal organs __________Organs Between ________and ___________ T11/12 and L3

Kidneys In the ____ plane kidneys angled approx. _____ Suprarenal __________gland Moves with diaphragm.

Kidney Blood Supply Renal artery Renal vein From abdominal aorta At rest _____ of the blood passes through kidneys. Renal vein _________

Kidney Function Produce urine which: _____________ Removes nitrogenous waste Regulates ______________ Regulates __________ balance and electrolyte levels And more..

Kidney Anatomy Macroscopic __________ capsule – Outermost surface ___________ Under fibrous capsule Composed of renal pyramids Renal columns Cortex between renal pyramids

Kidney Anatomy Minor __________ Major _________ ____________ Convergence of renal pyramids opening at renal papilla Major _________ Off of minors. Collecting area. ____________ Off of major calyces and empty into ureter.

Nephron Microscopic Area of Urine production. Approx. __________per kidney Within the ________ and ________

Ureter Transport urine from renal pelvis to bladder ___________diameter

Ureter Constriction __________ (UPJ) junction ________ brim Renal pelvis to ureter ________ brim Iliac blood vessels cross ureters ___________ (UVJ) junction Ureter joins bladder

Urinary Bladder Musculomembranous sac that _______ urine for expulsion. 3 openings in the __________ 2 ureters 1 urethra Total bladder capacity ______________

Bladder locations Female Male – Posterior to ___________and anterior to ________ Male – Posterior to _________and extends into _____________

IVP(U) Patient Prep Ideal NPO _________ _________prep __________to the start of the exam

Prior to Injection Verify any contraindications to contrast. Make sure a ___________ is aware you are injecting. __________ based on department protocol.

Prior to Injection If the patient has a urinary catheter ___________ Watch for __________

IVU Imaging Routine Scout Inject Nephrogram Tomograms** 10, 15, 20 min KUB RPO LPO Prone Upright Post Void

Scout and delayed films Position as routine __________ Mark films to indicate _________ times

Nephrogram Taken ____________post injection Center between _________and _______ process. Mid sagittal Done to show the ___________of Kidneys

Nephrotomograms If per protocol Center same as nephrogram Typical cuts 8,9,10cm Shows kidneys at various levels

RPO ____________ Center at iliac crest and mid line (_______________) Shows ______ kidney in AP Shows ______ureter unobstructed from spine

LPO ____________ Center at iliac crest and mid line (_______________) Shows __________ kidney in AP Shows ________ ureter unobstructed from spine

Prone Position as per Prone Abdomen

Upright Post Void Have the pt void (strain) Position as per KUB but _________________ _______________must be visualized Shows emptying of bladder and any residual stones.

Other Urinary System Imaging Retrograde Cystography (_________) Voiding Cystourethrogram ____________ Retrograde ____________ OR Procedure

Cystogram Done to Image the ______________ Insertion of a Urethral Catheter (Foley) Bladder filled with Iodinated Contrast Usually ___________or more Extension tube from __________ to contrast Hung on IV pole. Allow __________bladder do not force.

VCUG Images the ______________ Following routine Cystogram Catheter is _____________ and the pt is instructed ___________.

VCUG Under fluoro __________ is evaluated and images are taken. Pt can be ___________________based on radiologist preference.

Retrograde Urography An _______________ Pt placed in modified ________ position. Urologist will insert a scope into the bladder. Then via a catheter contrast is injected into the ____________ Images are taken at urologist’s discretion. Typically __________