Map of the Human Body Chapter 2 A and P Health Sciences

Positions Supine Prone Trendelenburg Fowler’s Video Lab

Body Positions Anatomical – Standardized for all anatomy – A Upright position – B Feet apart – C Palms Up – D Face forward

Pathology Connections Relative to certain clinical scenarios Trendelenburg – Postural drainage – AVOID with ICP – why?? – AVOID pc for 2-4 hours – why??

Pathological Connections Sim’s – Rectal procedures Prone/Supine – Examinations Fowler’s – Orthopnea – Drainage – Orthostatic Hypotension

Body Planes Frontal or Coronal Plane – Divides body into Front and Back Median Plane – Left and Right sides – Mid Sagittal = halves – Sagittal – left and right sections Transverse- – Divides body into Upper and lower sections

Directional Terms Superior ( Cranial or Cephalic) Inferior ( Caudal) Medial Lateral Anterior ( Ventral ) Posterior ( Dorsal) Distal Proximal

Directional Terms External Internal Superficial Deep – under the surface body Central – locations around center of body Peripheral – surrounding outer regions body

Body Cavities House or protect organs Ventral – Thoracic Mediastinal/ pericardial cavity Abdominal pelvic Dorsal Cavity – Cranial – Spinal

Body Cavities Regions of the Spinal Column – Cervical C1-C7 – ThoracicT1-T12 – LumbarL1-L5 – SacralS(fused S1-S5 – CoccyxTail Bone Cavities located in the skull – Nasal – Oral /Buccal – Orbital

Body Cavities

Body Regions Abdominal

Abdominal Quadrants the-four-abdominal-quadrants-flash-cards/

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Terms used to Describe the Body Antecubital elbow- BP Antebrachial forearm Axillary – arm pit Brachial – bicep area Buccal- mouth Digital fingers Carpal wrist – Carpel tunnel Cervical neck Lateral – away from Bi Lateral both sides Ipsilateral – same side Contralateral opposite side

Areas of the Body Femoral Gluteal Lumbar Nasal Oral Orbital Patellar Plantar Pubic Sternal Thoracic

Radiology Science of Viewing the body Diagnostic Pathway High energy radiation that penetrates the body Provides 2 dimensional views

X-ray Air- Black on film Tissue/fat thicker area lighter the images Water- mid range density more dense than air less than bone Bone/metal highest density-absorbs most radiation – film image white

Problems/ concerns X-ray One dimensional Terms – PA- upright position – chest in front of film radiation moves from back to front (PA)- Shoulders commonly rotated distance 6ft – AP- back against cassette- distance 48inches – portable xray – Lateral – from side – perception of 3D –

Radiology MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Greater detail – No radiation – Precautions CT – Computerized Tomography – Thin slices – 3D view – Reveals true depth of tumor