Strategies for mitigation and adaptation to climate change impacts on small islands IN Indonesia Dr. Toni Ruchimat Director of Small Islands Management Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia Cancun, 4 December 2010

Present condition

Global Warming Source : GEC Climate change Physical Environment change The Impact of Coastal and Small Islands Area Beach Morphology Natural Ecosystem Settlement Water Resource Beach Infrastructures Inudation in Low Land and Back Swamp Sea Level Rise Beach Erossion Wind Rose Change Giant Wave and Flooding Sea Water Intrusion to River and Ground Water Global Warming River Level Rise Tidaland Wave Change Sediment Deposit Change Precipitation and Hidrology change Atmosphere and Water Temperature Change Source : GEC

Coastal and small islands areas   a. Before Sea Level Rise b. After Sea Level Rise Coastal and small islands areas Source: Subandono (2007)

POLICies AND PROGRAMs ON MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION FOR SMALL ISLANDS

LEGAL BASIS Act No. 32/ 2004 Act No. 27/ 2007, authority and responsibility Local Goverment has to conserve small islands and its natural resources and to prevent from the impacts of climate change (Article 18 ) Act No. 27/ 2007, obligation for integrating disaster risk reduction and promoting adaptation and mitigation on managing coastal zone and small islands Gov’t Regulation No. 62/2010 strengthening the role of outer small islands and preventing from adverse impacts of climate change Roadmap of Marine and Fisheries Sector for Climate Change Impacts

NATIONAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS Monitoring, inventory and data collecting on climate change and SLR (vulnerability index) Formulate of adjustment measures & disaster risk reduction through policy comprehensively within the framework of ICM Mapping of areas vulnerable to SLR and recorded the increase in detail for the reduction strategy / action and adaptation policies. Enhance of public awareness activities interm of potential impacts of climate change

ADAPTATION CAPACITY OF COASTAL AND SMALL ISLANDS COMMUNITIES  8,000 coastal villages with a population  16 million inhabitants Relatively weak due to lack of infrastructure, education level, remote and some are isolated from administrative and social services, so that their vulnerability is higher. Climate change will intensively reduce resilience capacity

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION EFFORTS STRUCTURES NATURAL PROTECTION EFFORTS (Mangrove, sand dune, coral reefs and forest). ARTISANAL PROTECTION EFFORTS breakwater, seawall, protective dike construction , stage house Reef transplantation NON STRUCTURES: MAPPING OF DISASTERS AREAS TRANSFER / RELOCATION LAND USE, AND ZONING ESTABLISHMENT OF SHORELINE AND RIVER PUBLIC INFORMATION & COUNSELING LAW ENFORCEMENT, TRAINING AND SIMULATION OF DISASTER MITIGATION, INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN MANAGEMENT POVERTY REDUCTION REDUCING RISKS FROM THE IMPACT OF DISASTERS (SLR / WAVE, ETC)

PLANNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 LONG TERM Build Climate Resilience Village (CRV) for coastal areas Build Climate Resilience Village (CRV) for small islands Adjustment level and strengthening the building structure and main facilities in the coastal and small islands region Management and protection of outermost small islands as a starting point the state border Disaster management due to the impact hazard extreme weather events and climate variability in integrated coastal Adjustment of fishing management Adjustment of aquaculture cultivation of sea water, brackish water and freshwater Functioning of infrastructure and coastal and small islands ecosystems as mitigation and adaptation measure. MID - TERM Develop of planning hierarchial of coastal and small islands which consist of disaster issues including climate change Climate Change Action Plan Planning hierarchial of mainstreamed into development planning system Choosing of the technology adaptation, effective and efficient (accommodation, protection) Choosing mitigation technology Improved of institutional capacity Sosilization and public awareness Acceleration of District Regulationsthe that have include of disaster-prone and disaster risk maps Acceleration of decision about Strategic Plan, which already contained mitigation strategies SHORT TERM Research to determine the role of the Ocean etc Strengthening of Database Disaster-prone map compilation Research index of vulnerability of coastal areas and small islands Index of coastal vulnerability to climate change Preparation of risk maps of climate change Develop of norms, standards, guidelines and criteria on climate change mitigation and adaptation 11

SLR Scenario: Baddi Islands, South Sulawesi

3D Model of Baddi Island, South Sulawesi Present condition After 50 years 3D Model of Baddi Island, South Sulawesi After 400 years

EFFORTS OF MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION Mangrove Plantation and Rehabilitation

artificial reef and tranplantation

Housing (Bedono village in central java)

Seawall Structure REVETMENT REVETMENT

FINANCING National Budget Provincial and Districts Budget Re-allocation of govt. subsidies to better management Collaborative funding with NGO”s Regional and International Collaborative (CTI, MFF, etc) Corporate Social Responsibities (CSR) with Private sectors

Thank you... Gracias ... Further Contact: Directorate General of Marine, Coastal and Small Islands, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Mina Bahari III Building 10th Floor Jl. Merdeka Timur No. 16, Jakarta Pusat - Indonesia Phone/Fax : (+62 21) 3522058 www.ppk-kp3k.dkp.go.id