Pearl Harbor 1941 “The date which will live in infamy”

Build up to War US restricts Japanese immigration in 1920s US restricts Japanese immigration in 1920s Japan invades China and conquers Manchuria in 1931 Japan invades China and conquers Manchuria in 1931 Japan signs Pact with Germany an Italy in 1939 Japan signs Pact with Germany an Italy in 1939

During 1940 and 1941 US restricts and finally stops most trade with Japan. During 1940 and 1941 US restricts and finally stops most trade with Japan. US freezes Japanese assets US freezes Japanese assets

Major Bloopers US breaks Japan’s top secret code (Purple) US breaks Japan’s top secret code (Purple) Sends decoding machines to the Philippines and London but not Pearl Harbor Sends decoding machines to the Philippines and London but not Pearl Harbor

Bloopers US fleet commander Richardson requests the fleet be moved from Pearl Harbor to the West Coast- Navy refuses US fleet commander Richardson requests the fleet be moved from Pearl Harbor to the West Coast- Navy refuses

Bloopers America rejects Japanese request for summit Meeting August 1941 America rejects Japanese request for summit Meeting August 1941 Japanese agents in Hawaii regularly report size, type and location of ships in Pearl Harbor: This info is decoded in the Philippines and London but not forwarded Japanese agents in Hawaii regularly report size, type and location of ships in Pearl Harbor: This info is decoded in the Philippines and London but not forwarded

Bloopers General Short orders protection against sabotage and puts planes wing to wing: November 1941 General Short orders protection against sabotage and puts planes wing to wing: November 1941 Japanese embassies have carried out orders to burn files (MAGIC decodes this but does not inform Pearl Harbor) Japanese embassies have carried out orders to burn files (MAGIC decodes this but does not inform Pearl Harbor)

Bloopers Dec. 3,4,5, Dec. 3,4,5, MAGIC decodes increased radio traffic from Hawaii to Tokyo regarding fleet in Pearl Harbor MAGIC decodes increased radio traffic from Hawaii to Tokyo regarding fleet in Pearl Harbor Dec. 6 MAGIG decodes 13 parts of a 14 part message. Indication of war by those who read it. Never passed onto Pearl Harbor Dec. 6 MAGIG decodes 13 parts of a 14 part message. Indication of war by those who read it. Never passed onto Pearl Harbor

DEC 7th Japanese sub fired upon outside harbor Japanese sub fired upon outside harbor Radar picks up flight of unidentified aircraft 132 miles out Radar picks up flight of unidentified aircraft 132 miles out

Major players in the battle Genda: Mastermind behind the attack Genda: Mastermind behind the attack Admiral Kimmel Admiral Kimmel General Short : orders planes in line General Short : orders planes in line Yamamota: Commander in chief of the Japanese fleet Tries to avoid an attack Yamamota: Commander in chief of the Japanese fleet Tries to avoid an attack

Major Players Stark: Chief of Naval Operations, chooses not to inform Hawaii until calling President Stark: Chief of Naval Operations, chooses not to inform Hawaii until calling President Colonel Bratton convinces Army Chief of Staff General Marshall that Pearl Harbor should be notified of attack. Colonel Bratton convinces Army Chief of Staff General Marshall that Pearl Harbor should be notified of attack.

Pearl Harbor: Before the attack Oahu has many beautiful beaches and palm trees Many men went there because of being in the Navy –One of the few jobs where men were offered the chance at “seeing the world”, comfortable beds, and a decent meal

Pearl Harbor: During the attack

When It Happened When Japanese Zeros attacked, the flag raising ceremonies were underway and the band was just starting the strands of the National Anthem When Japanese Zeros attacked, the flag raising ceremonies were underway and the band was just starting the strands of the National Anthem

Sunday, December 7 th, 1941  Because it was a Sunday, many men were sleeping in, or “at ease” all along the beaches  Chief John Finn was driving the ’38 Ford to the base when a Japanese Zero flying over his head He then yelled “the damn Japs are attacking”  When Chief Finn stopped near the dock, he noticed that the Japs had already attacked, and they didn’t look like they were stopping anytime soon.

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor Memorial

Aerial view of the USS Arizona Memorial

183 aircraft of the first attack wave were launched from the six Imperial Japanese Navy carriers; Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiru, Zuikaku and Shokaku, 230 miles North of O'ahu at 6:00 A.M. - They were ordered to attack at 0750 A.M. by Lt. Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.

 At approximately 7:15 A.M. the second wave of aircraft was launched and 170 more aircraft were on their way to Pearl Harbor.

Ship locations USS Arizona, California, Nevada, Maryland, Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Virginia, were south-west side of Ford Island USS Pennsylvania, Shaw, Cassin, and Downes were dry docked near by

Shattered by a direct hit, the USS Arizona burns and sinks, December 7, 1941.

Damage at Pearl Harbor

Deployment of attacking Japanese aircraft

President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

FDR calls this “a date which will live in infamy”, and Congress declares that a state of war exists with Japan.

Roosevelt signs the Declaration of War

Ships during the attack ►T►T►T►The ships that were at Pearl Harbor during the attack: UUUUSS Arizona, USS California, USS Maryland, USS Nevada, USS Oklahoma, USS Tennessee, USS West Virginia ►T►T►T►The ships that were dry docked: UUUUSS Pennsylvania, USS Shaw, USS Cassin, USS Downes ►T►T►T►There were only three ships that were missing from the docks: aircraft carriers- Lexington, Enterprise, and Saratoga

Who made the order to attack? Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo Admiral Nagumo ordered the attack to continue, at 6:10am on the morning of December 7, 1941

The First Two Waves Six aircraft carriers launched off 353 aircrafts 40 torpedo bombers 135 dive bombers 104 horizontal bomber 81 strafing plane s Only two planes didn’t make the attack 188 American planes would be destroyed 8 Battle ships were damaged or destroyed

Almost Immediately! TTTThe USS Oklahoma and USS West Virginia took deadly hits

USS Arizona The shocking sight when Japan had stopped bombing was the USS Arizona burning. The attack was so sudden, no one had a chance to try and defend themselves

Naval Dispatch “Air raid on Pearl Harbor. This is not a drill” Naval Dispatch from headquarters