The increase in interest in the environment has lead to innovations in building design in general and has also affected the skyscraper. In some instances these innovations are made in collaboration with the other five innovations such as structure, and section and are visibly noticeable as part of the generation of the buildings form and section. But in most cases the innovations are less visually dramatic but no less transforming. Green Building

Why Go Green ?

1.Buildings that are built to be sustainable, or energy independent, are not as dependent on the grid and therefore aren't levered to the cost of energy (such as the price of coal, nuclear energy, or even other alternative sources provided into the grid). Why Go Green ?

1.Buildings that are built to be sustainable, or energy independent, are not as dependent on the grid and therefore aren't levered to the cost of energy (such as the price of coal, nuclear energy, or even other alternative sources provided into the grid). 2.They leave a lighter footprint on the earth and its atmosphere--zero energy buildings are the epitome of natural resource frugality. Why Go Green ?

1.Buildings that are built to be sustainable, or energy independent, are not as dependent on the grid and therefore aren't levered to the cost of energy (such as the price of coal, nuclear energy, or even other alternative sources provided into the grid). 2.They leave a lighter footprint on the earth and its atmosphere--zero energy buildings are the epitome of natural resource frugality. 3.They can be healthier to live in. Why Go Green ?

1.Buildings that are built to be sustainable, or energy independent, are not as dependent on the grid and therefore aren't levered to the cost of energy (such as the price of coal, nuclear energy, or even other alternative sources provided into the grid). 2.They leave a lighter footprint on the earth and its atmosphere--zero energy buildings are the epitome of natural resource frugality. 3.They can be healthier to live in. 4.The operating costs of this type of building are optimized and likely to be minimal when compared to non-sustainable buildings. Why Go Green ?

Commerzbank, Frankfurt, Germany, Norman Foster “The building should use ambient energy as much as possible to reduce the amount of fossil fuel derived power; users should be exposed to the beneficial effects of contacts with plants, and individuals are to have the possibility of opening their windows to be able to obtain fresh air, even on the highest floors”. Norman Foster

Commerzbank, Frankfurt, Germany, Norman Foster

Swiss RE, London, England, Norman Foster

Swiss RE, London England Norman Foster

Swiss RE, London England, Norman Foster

Hearst Tower, New York, NY Norman Foster

Hearst Tower, New York NY Norman Foster

The Pearl River Tower, Gordon+ Gill & SOM, Guangzhou China

1.A combination of building orientation and high- performance envelope, day lighting and control systems. By rotating to the east, the tower takes advantage of midday sun while the effects of late-day sun on the larger, southern horizontal exposure are minimized. The south facade’s low-E-glass, double-layer curtain-wall system reduces heat gain, which leads to less demand on the HVAC systems. Consumption was lowered

2.The tower reclaims its energy by routing each floor’s exhaust air into the south side’s double- layer curtain-wall cavity. This thermal barrier of hot dry air can then be reused on the mechanical floor for passive dehumidification. Consumption was lowered

3.The building uses a chilled slab concrete vaulted ceiling in the typical offices this enhances day lighting, as well as cools the air drifting up from the under floor ventilation system. Consumption was lowered

4.The main absorption strategy takes advantage of a geothermal heat sink, so 100 degrees Fahrenheit water in the mechanical system’s return loop can be cooled to 75 degrees Fahrenheit prior to feeding the cooling towers. Consumption was lowered

The Pearl River Tower, Gordon+ Gill & SOM, Guangzhou China

1.Wind 2.Photovoltaic 3.And micro-turbines Energy Generating Strategies

Elephant & Castle Eco Towers, London England, Ken Yeang

1.Social Sustainability 2.Environmental Sustainability Strategies Include

1.Opportunities for local employment through mixture of use, both on ground and upper levels. This includes housing, retail, leisure, communal facilities and commerce on the retail levels and up the tower. The location of housing in close proximity to employment, retail, leisure and community facilities will reduce reliance on public transport. Social Sustainability

2.A healthy mix of residents within the same building. Through "vertical zoning", resident types are grouped according to accommodation preferences (single units, family units, luxury apartments), yet common facilities (e.g. parks, shopping streets etc.) are shared. Social Sustainability

3.Close proximity to basic amenities, such as the local grocery store, postal boxes, chemist etc. These are all located within the ground development and/or within the tower. Social Sustainability

4.Mixture of residents from different ages, occupations and family structures are accommodated by the provision of a variety of accommodation types: studio apartments 2-room apartments Penthouses. Social Sustainability

5.A healthy landscaped environment, with spatial progressions of public open spaces (parks in the sky) to semi-private (entrance courts) to private open spaces (balconies). The design seeks to re-create conditions on the ground up-in-the-sky, with features such as an entrance lobby, light wells and balconies for every unit and shared secondary and tertiary landscaped open spaces and sky pods within groups of housing in the form of sky courts and communal pods. Social Sustainability

6.Urban connectivity is a key concept in the design proposal. The proposal here includes a high level bridge over the proposed railway station and direct connections onto the garden terrace and into the retail zones. Social Sustainability

1.The Building’s external interdependencies, consisting of the designed system's relations to its external environment and ecosystems. Environmental Sustainability

1.The Building’s external interdependencies, consisting of the designed system's relations to its external environment and ecosystems. 2.It's internal interdependencies, being the designed system's internal relations, activities and operations, Environmental Sustainability

1.The Building’s external interdependencies, consisting of the designed system's relations to its external environment and ecosystems. 2.It's internal interdependencies, being the designed system's internal relations, activities and operations, 3.It's external-to-internal exchanges of energy and matter - being the designed system's inputs of energy and material, Environmental Sustainability

1.The Building’s external interdependencies, consisting of the designed system's relations to its external environment and ecosystems. 2.It's internal interdependencies, being the designed system's internal relations, activities and operations, 3.It's external-to-internal exchanges of energy and matter - being the designed system's inputs of energy and material, 4.it's internal-to-external exchanges of energy and matter - being the designed system's output of energy and materials. Environmental Sustainability

External Dependencies Site Eco System Its urban condition meant that the site was essentially a devastated ecosystem with little of its original topsoil, flora and fauna remaining. 1.increase biodiversity and organic mass –The provision of a park over the land –A system of continuous planting up the towers (as "vertical landscaping")

Elephant & Castle Eco Towers, London England, Ken Yeang

Internal Dependencies Building Operating Systems Passive mode (i.e. low-energy design without the use of any electro-mechanical systems)

Internal Dependencies Building Operating Systems Passive mode (i.e. low-energy design without the use of any electro-mechanical systems) Mixed mode (i.e. Partially electro-mechanically assisted systems that optimize other ambient energies of the locality)

Internal Dependencies Building Operating Systems Passive mode (i.e. low-energy design without the use of any electro-mechanical systems) Mixed mode (i.e. Partially electro-mechanically assisted systems that optimize other ambient energies of the locality) Full mode (i.e. Active systems, with low energy and low environmental impacts)

Internal Dependencies Building Operating Systems Passive mode (i.e. low-energy design without the use of any electro-mechanical systems) Mixed mode (i.e. Partially electro-mechanically assisted systems that optimize other ambient energies of the locality) Full mode (i.e. Active systems, with low energy and low environmental impacts) Productive mode (i.e. Systems that generate on- site energy, e.g. Photovoltaic systems)

Elephant & Castle Eco Towers, London England, Ken Yeang

Passive Low Energy Responses 1.By Building Configuration- The building is configured as 2 blocks with a weather-protected central landscaped core.

Elephant & Castle Eco Towers, London England, Ken Yeang

Passive Low Energy Responses 1.By Building Configuration- The building is configured as 2 blocks with a weather-protected central landscaped core. 2.By Building Orientation-The building has been orientated to maximize solar gain into the interior spaces in winter and mid-seasons, and to maximize solar shading in the summer months.

Passive Low Energy Responses 2.By Building a.) During the winter months when the sun is low, the central landscaped circulation area and south- east units receive maximum solar gain.

Passive Low Energy Responses 2.By Building a.) During the winter months when the sun is low, the central landscaped circulation area and south- east units receive maximum solar gain. b.) Communal sky courts and pods are positioned to catch the south sun.

Passive Low Energy Responses 2.By Building a.) During the winter months when the sun is low, the central landscaped circulation area and south- east units receive maximum solar gain. b.) Communal sky courts and pods are positioned to catch the south sun. c.) The internal void and walkways capture the sun, creating a series of light wells to brighten the service areas in the apartments.

Passive Low Energy Responses 2.By Building a.) During the winter months when the sun is low, the central landscaped circulation area and south- east units receive maximum solar gain. b.) Communal sky courts and pods are positioned to catch the south sun. c.) The internal void and walkways capture the sun, creating a series of light wells to brighten the service areas in the apartments. d.) The wings of the building allow cool breezes in the summer to enter the central atrium while shielding it from the winter

Passive Low Energy Responses 1.By Building Configuration- The building is configured as 2 blocks with a weather-protected central landscaped core. 2.By Building Orientation-The building has been orientated to maximize solar gain into the interior spaces in winter and mid-seasons, and to maximize solar shading in the summer months. 3.By Landscaping and Vegetation Vegetation and landscaping within the private gardens and sky parks in the buildings act as a wind buffer while giving users a more humane environment.

Double Skins The doubled skin serves to lessen the heat gain of the interior space of the structure thereby lessening the operating load of the mechanical systems. In the case of the tall building this can result in dramatic decreases in energy consumption and when considered collectively can have a dramatic effect on global consumption of natural resources.