Non-residential suburbanisation in the Czech Republic (Prague and Brno) Luděk Sýkora & Martin Ouředníček Charles University in Prague, Czechia SELMA meeting, Madrid, June 27-29, 2003

Case study: Czech Republic (Prague, Brno) 1) The context 2) Case study cities 3) Method – Territorial division of urban area – Data used (population, employment, land use) 4) Population deconcentration ) Employment deconcentration ) Land use change ) Conclusion

The context: suburbanisation in Czech metropolitan areas Suburbanisation is a very recent phenomena: it developed in last 5 years Until mid 1990s there was only marginal residential suburbanisation (limited purchasing power of population) Since 1997: radical development of commercial suburbanisation (shopping centres and retail parks, warehousing and logistic zones) Since the end of 1990s: dynamic development of residential suburbanisation (growth in wealth and introduction of mortgages)

Residential suburbanisation Individual homebuilders as well as whole districts made by one developer High share of inhabitants with high incomes State supported mortgages Changing socio-spatial pattern in metropolitan area Social polarisation in suburban localities

retail, warehousing and distribution, (industry) demand from international firms expanding on Czech markets logistic and retail parks close to highways (and Metro) Commercial suburbanisation

Suburbanisation of retail Radical growth since 1997 First suburban shopping in Prague opened in 1996 (IKEA in Zličín) and four main concentrations developed since that time Massive explosion of retail in Brno Radical transformation in spatial pattern of shopping – 1989: half of retail turnover in city centre – 1998: hypermarket as first shopping place for 4% of Czechs – 2000: hypermarket as first shopping place for 20% of Czechs and 25% of Prague inhabitants

An example of consequences: Increase in car transportation Prague - suburban zone > , 1.6 % Prague - outer areas > 86000, 1.0 % Transit > 25000, 1.6 % Total > , 1.4 % 70 % of all journeys is commuting between Prague and suburbs Suburban commuting accounted for 90 % of growth between

Management of suburban growth Its regulation requires regional planning and policy tools. Czech planning system has physical plans for regions and strategies of regional development: neither of them includes the issue of sprawl. However, the major planning authority is at the municipal level Fragmented local government in metropolitan areas Two regional governments in the case of Prague´s metropolitan region Central government support to FDI was in exclusively allocated to greenfield investments.

Case study cities in the Czech Republic

Method: territorial division of metropolitan area City centre Inner city First suburban zone - inside city boundaries Second suburban zone - outside city boundaries

Territorial units in Prague Metropolitan Area *Prague - city parts DistrictArea (km 2 )MunicipalitiesCadastral territories Basic settlement units Prague4961 (57)* Prague-East Prague-West Total PMA (228)

Demographic characteristics (Census ) DistrictPopulation Density of population Share of children 0-14 Share of people 60+ Share of university educated Share of houses constructed Prague ,4 %20,7 %18,8 %10,9 % Prague- East ,7 %18,6 %9,5 %14,6 % Prague- West ,3 %18,2 %11,1 %18,0 % Total PMA ,7 %20,4 %17,7 %12,8 %

Population deconcentration Data from annual statistics for population growth and migration and censuses 1991, 2001 for structures of population (preliminary results) PMA - Natural decrease of population of each zone Centre and inner city: natural and migration decrease 1st suburban ring: from slow migration increase to stagnation 2nd suburban ring: from slow migration increase to rapid suburbanisation process

Population change in Prague’s metropolitan region ( ) Změna 2001/ % % % % %

* For zones a, b, c only period Components of population growth

Net migration

Employment deconcentration Decline in employment until mid 1990s due to transformation Employment growth in suburban zone from mid 1990s Growth namely in retail and wholesale (5 times in Prague-east and 20 times in Prague East) and storage, transport and communication

Employment and unemployment

Structure of registered employment

Economic structure NACE – CZ A-B AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY;FISHING C-E TOTAL INDUSTRY F CONSTRUCTION G WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORCYCLES AND PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS H HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS I TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS J FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION K REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES L PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY M EDUCATION N HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK O OTHER COMMUN.,SOCIAL AND PERS.SERVICE ACTIVITIES

Land use change Retail Warehousing, distribution, logictics Industry Office Share of build-up on total land-use

Out-of-centre and suburban shopping

Out-of-centre and suburban offices