a 1 Wind Pressure Research on Low Buildings Peter J. Vickery Applied Research Associates, Inc Six Forks Road, Suite 600 Raleigh, NC, 27615

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 2 Wind Tunnel Tests

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Pressure Tests 3

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Effect of Roof Slope - Gable 4

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Effect of Roof Slope - Gable 5

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 4:12 Code Comparisons 6 Gable EndGable Ridge

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 4:12 Code Comparisons 7 Gable RidgeGable Eave

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 7:12 Code Comparisons 8 Gable EndGable Ridge

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 7:12 Possible Solution 9 Gable EndGable Ridge

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 7:12 Code Comparisons 10 Gable RidgeGable Eave

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 9:12 Code Comparisons 11 Gable EndGable Ridge

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 9:12 Code Comparisons 12 Gable RidgeGable Eave

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 12:12 Code Comparisons 13 Gable EndGable Ridge

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 12:12 Code Comparisons 14 Gable RidgeGable Eave

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable Roof Zone 1 15

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 7:12 Hip 16 ASCE 7-05 Gable/Hip Roofs 10°<Slope≤30° Assumes Designer uses ASCE 7-05 Gable Roof Coefficients for 30°< Slope ≤ 45°

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 9:12 Hip 17 ASCE 7-05 Gable/Hip Roofs 10°<Slope≤30° Assumes Designer uses ASCE 7-05 Gable Roof Coefficients for 30°< Slope ≤ 45°

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility 12:12 Hip 18 ASCE 7-05 Gable/Hip Roofs 10°<Slope≤30° Assumes Designer uses ASCE 7-05 Gable Roof Coefficients for 30°< Slope ≤ 45°

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Interference Effects  Exposure 3  Exposure 4  Exposure 5  Exposure 6

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Hip 5:12 Exposure 6 vs. Sub-Urban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Hip 5:12 Exposure 5 vs. Sub-Urban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Hip 5:12 Exposure 4 vs. Sub-Urban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Hip 5:12 Exposure 3 vs. Sub-Urban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Hip 6:12 Exposure 6 vs. Sub-Urban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Hip 6:12 Exposure 5 vs. Sub-Urban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Hip 6:12 Exposure 4 vs. Sub-Urban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Hip 6:12 Exposure 3 vs. Sub-Urban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable 5:12 Exposure 6 vs. Suburban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable 5:12 Exposure 5 vs. Suburban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable 5:12 Exposure 4 vs. Suburban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable 5:12 Exposure 3 vs. Suburban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable 6:12 Exposure 6 vs. Suburban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable 6:12 Exposure 5 vs. Suburban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable 6:12 Exposure 4 vs. Suburban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Gable 6:12 Exposure 3 vs. Suburban

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Sub-UrbanExposure-6Exposure-5 Exposure-4 Exposure-3 Gable 5:12 GCp (Wind Direction 40)

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Sub-UrbanExposure-6Exposure-5 Exposure-4 Exposure-3 Gable 6:12 GCp (Wind Direction 40)

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Summary Papers describing results are still in preparation. Results show for gable roofs ASCE 7 coefficients for roofs are too low (not new). Use of gable loads for hip roofs with slopes > 30° will underestimate loads. Simple improvement could be to use the Gable/Hip 10° < θ ≤ 30° for all hip roofs 38

a Expanding the Realm of Possibility Summary Resistance to increase loads in ASCE 7 (even though data shows code loads are too high) is because of shielding Work by Ho (1993) showed that neighboring buildings decrease wind loads by ~25% New work shown here (based on the new 5:12 and 6:12 experiments) shows similar reductions EXCEPT near the high section gable ridge areas. Perhaps could use this finding to force use of Exposure C for all roof C&C loads 39