Remote Sensing of Urban Landscapes

Urban Remote Sensing Users Zoning regulation Commerce and economic development Tax assessor Transportation and utilities Parks, recreation, and tourism Emergency management Real Estate Zoning regulation Commerce and economic development Tax assessor Transportation and utilities Parks, recreation, and tourism Emergency management Real Estate

Stages of Development

Sun City – Hilton Head

1974 1,040 urban hectares1994 3,263 urban hectares 315% increase1974 1,040 urban hectares1994 3,263 urban hectares 315% increase

Urban Remote Sensing Minimum spatial resolution of 0.25 – 5 m Minimum of four pixels within an object to identify (one-half the width of the smallest dimension - i.e. 5 m mobile homes requires at least 2.5 m data) Role of shape, size, texture, orientation, pattern, shadow Land use vs. land cover? Minimum spatial resolution of 0.25 – 5 m Minimum of four pixels within an object to identify (one-half the width of the smallest dimension - i.e. 5 m mobile homes requires at least 2.5 m data) Role of shape, size, texture, orientation, pattern, shadow Land use vs. land cover?

Temporal and spatial resolution requirements necessary to Temporal and spatial resolution requirements necessary to extract socio-economic and some biophysical information extract socio-economic and some biophysical information for selected urban/suburban attributes are presented. for selected urban/suburban attributes are presented. The goal is to relate the information requirements with the The goal is to relate the information requirements with the current and proposed remote sensing systems to determine current and proposed remote sensing systems to determine if there are substantive gaps in capability. if there are substantive gaps in capability. We need improved algorithms and methods for extracting urban/suburban information from remote sensor data. We need improved algorithms and methods for extracting urban/suburban information from remote sensor data. Temporal and spatial resolution requirements necessary to Temporal and spatial resolution requirements necessary to extract socio-economic and some biophysical information extract socio-economic and some biophysical information for selected urban/suburban attributes are presented. for selected urban/suburban attributes are presented. The goal is to relate the information requirements with the The goal is to relate the information requirements with the current and proposed remote sensing systems to determine current and proposed remote sensing systems to determine if there are substantive gaps in capability. if there are substantive gaps in capability. We need improved algorithms and methods for extracting urban/suburban information from remote sensor data. We need improved algorithms and methods for extracting urban/suburban information from remote sensor data. Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Attributes and Remote Sensing Systems

Observations: There are a number of remote sensing systems that currently provide some of the desired urban/socio-economic information when the spatial resolution required is > 5 x 5 m and the temporal resolution is between 1 and 55 days. There are a number of remote sensing systems that currently provide some of the desired urban/socio-economic information when the spatial resolution required is > 5 x 5 m and the temporal resolution is between 1 and 55 days. As demonstrated, very high spatial resolution data (<1 x 1 m) is required to satisfy many of the socio-economic data requirements. This is especially true for urban areas in developing countries. As demonstrated, very high spatial resolution data (<1 x 1 m) is required to satisfy many of the socio-economic data requirements. This is especially true for urban areas in developing countries.Observations: There are a number of remote sensing systems that currently provide some of the desired urban/socio-economic information when the spatial resolution required is > 5 x 5 m and the temporal resolution is between 1 and 55 days. There are a number of remote sensing systems that currently provide some of the desired urban/socio-economic information when the spatial resolution required is > 5 x 5 m and the temporal resolution is between 1 and 55 days. As demonstrated, very high spatial resolution data (<1 x 1 m) is required to satisfy many of the socio-economic data requirements. This is especially true for urban areas in developing countries. As demonstrated, very high spatial resolution data (<1 x 1 m) is required to satisfy many of the socio-economic data requirements. This is especially true for urban areas in developing countries. Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Attributes and Remote Sensing Systems

Digital Frame Camera Imagery of Harbor Town, Hilton Head, SC 1 x 1 ft spatial resolution

Panchromatic 3 x 3-in Image of Popular Bluff, MO Obtained on February 15, 2000 at 5,000 ft AGL Using A Digital Array Panoramic Camera with 32,000 x 8,000 Detectors Panchromatic 3 x 3-in Image of Popular Bluff, MO Obtained on February 15, 2000 at 5,000 ft AGL Using A Digital Array Panoramic Camera with 32,000 x 8,000 Detectors Courtesy of Image America, Inc. Swath width 1.5 mi Swath width 1.5 mi

IKONOS Panchromatic Stereopair of Columbia, SC Airport November 15, 2000

IKONOS Panchromatic Panchromatic Sharpened Near-infrared Columbia, SC on October 15, 2000

IKONOS Panchromatic Sharpened Near-infrared Image Overlayed on a USGS Digital Elevation Model IKONOS Panchromatic Sharpened Near-infrared Image Overlayed on a USGS Digital Elevation Model Columbia, SC October 15, 2000 Columbia, SC October 15, 2000

Urban/Suburban Attributes and the Minimum Remote Sensing Resolutions Required to Provide Such Information

Classification Levels 1 Urban or Built-up 11 Residential 111 Single-Family Residential 1111 House, houseboat, hut, tent 1112 Mobile home 112 Multiple-Family Residential 1121 Duplex 1122 Triplex 1123 Apartment Complex or Condominium 1124 Mobile home (trailer) park 1 Urban or Built-up 11 Residential 111 Single-Family Residential 1111 House, houseboat, hut, tent 1112 Mobile home 112 Multiple-Family Residential 1121 Duplex 1122 Triplex 1123 Apartment Complex or Condominium 1124 Mobile home (trailer) park

Urban Minimum Resolution Requirements Land Use/CoverTemporalSpatialSpectral USGS Level yrs mVIS-NIR USGS Level yrs5-20 mVIS-NIR USGS Level 33-5 yrs1-5 mPan-VIS-NIR USGS Level 41-3 yrs mPan Land Use/CoverTemporalSpatialSpectral USGS Level yrs mVIS-NIR USGS Level yrs5-20 mVIS-NIR USGS Level 33-5 yrs1-5 mPan-VIS-NIR USGS Level 41-3 yrs mPan