IBIS 2002 ANNUAL MEETING Sustainability, Infrastructure and Urban Form Ricardo Toledo Silva INFURB - USP

Sustainability, Infrastructure and Urban Form Infrastructure networks as particular vectors of economic and social development in urban / metropolitan areas Does a new regionalism emerge in Latin American countries? –Questions on regionalism and urban form –Extra-local organization and their possible outcomes on urban planning and design.

Infrastructure and social development The logic of spaces versus the logic of functions Institutional frameworks of the public infrastructure The gap between institutional formulations and the material form of the networks Sustainability and non structural measures on infrastructure development

RMSP and Alto Tietê Basin

RMSP - urban water supply

Infrastructure and social development Institutional frameworks of the public infrastructure –public services as a social right –networked services as an economic activity The gap between institutional formulations and the material form of the networks –the inextricable integration of supplies –limitations of sector based regulation

Infrastructure and social development Sustainability and non structural measures on infrastructure development –demand side management - in search of a relative growth of supplies –practical measures of integrated management source pollution control (SP water catchment) urban drainage and restrictive flows interactive water and urban planning integrated measures on water conservation

The water catchment areas

RMSP - urban growth

RMSP - urban growth

RMSP - urban growth

RMSP - urban poverty 1991

RMSP - urban poverty 2000

RMSP - sewer coverage 2000

Alto Tiete territorial division

A view of eastern upstream

Billings reservoir detail (S)

Downstream depletion (W)

Elements of correlation (concentrated pollution)

Urban density and drainage

Urban standards and drainage

A new regionalism? Brief review on recent regionalism (USA) Urban form and regional development in Latin American urban concentrations Possible (new) requirements of metropolitan regionalism in Latin America

Restructuring and rescaling metropolitan regionalism in the USA (Brenner 2002) –The spatial reconstitution of urban form Deconcentration of central areas and reconcentration of metropolitan settlement spaces and production complexes –Global economic restructuring The globalization, (re) territorialization and localization of various fractions of capital –Neoliberal state restructuring The “destructuring” and reconstitution of state policies coupled with the upscaling and downscaling of state functions

The spatial reconstitution of urban form The rise of hedge city and the ‘exopolis’ Intensified metropolitan jurisdictional fragmentation Continued population dispersal and industrial deconcentration The ‘spreading’ of urban problems into suburban areas Urban sprawl Spatial mismatch between public resources and social needs Increased spatial concentration of poverty and minority population in city cores Severe traffic congestion Environmental destruction

Global economic restructuring Processes of de- and re-industrialization and the shift towards ‘lean production’ Intensified inter-urban competition for mobile capital investment at regional, national, continental and global scales Capital flight, unemployment and derelict industrial sites Deskilling of local labor supplies Decay of local industrial infrastructure Enhanced local fiscal constraints and declining tax revenues from locally collected taxes

Neoliberal state restructuring Federal devolution, ‘lean’ government, ‘enterpreneurial’ states and ‘revanchist’ cities Intensified city / suburban fiscal disparities The shift from welfare to workfare Increased class- and race-based sociospatial polarization ‘Ghettoization’ of poverty Local fiscal crises Lack of funding for key social services: affordable housing, schools, public transportation, infrastructural improvements Expansion of repressive functions of the local Explosive social unrest

Urban form in Latin American cities Are central areas losing vitality in Latin American large cities? What are the morphologic and metric criteria to distinguish center and periphery in our cities? The importance of intra-urban information in formulating basic strategies for integrated infrastructure planning and management.

Metropolitan regionalism in Latin America Possible (new) requirements Metropolitan governance and regulatory control over space based monopolies –cross subsidies and the creation of ‘premium’ spaces –regional (re)definition of basic needs in public services Integrated water management and metropolitan governance –integrating water uses (supply, drainage, depuration) –coordinating sustainable land use and zoning –coordinating urban policies (transport, housing)