Chapter 10 Section 1: Political Change

John Quincy Adams Takes Office Adams got off to a bad start in his presidency People believed that he had made a deal with Clay to gain his presidency Although Adams was experienced, he didn’t get along with people and was found to be unfriendly He was not a popular president

Sectional Ideas Develop Strong feelings of sectionalism developed between the North, South, and West Adams wanted to lead the people as a whole nation, however many Americans didn’t feel this way

The Tariff of 1828 Tax put on imported good from foreign countries This was intended to raise the prices of their products In turn American’s would be more likely to buy American made goods South and West didn’t like this because they were farmers and it just raised the price of things they needed Northerners were very pleased with this, it helped them to manufacture and sell their goods Three things happened because of this bill: 1.Adams became even more unpopular 2.This helped Andrew Jackson in the election of John C. Calhoun became leader of the south

A New Party is Formed Several things happened in the election of 1828: – Andrew Jackson was better prepared – Jackson became known as the idol of the nation – Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren separated from the Democratic-Republican party and formed the Democratic Party – Adams’ party then became known as the National Republicans

Chapter 10 Section 2: New Management

The Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun ran against John Quincy Adams and Richard Rush Jackson won all states west of the Allegheny Mountains and southern states from Virginia to Georgia Jackson won by majority vote with 56% of the votes

The Spoils System When Jackson took office he fired all those there were not of his political party This became known as the spoils system The name comes from the saying “to the victors belong the spoils”

Jackson’s Cabinet Jackson earned the nickname “Old Hickory” Instead of taking advice from his cabinet he turned to his old Western friends These informal meetings became known as “Jacksons Kitchen Cabinet” because when they came they entered through the kitchen to avoid attention Jackson made it clear that he was the leader of the government, and due to his popularity he was trusted

Chapter 10 Section 3: $$$ Problems

The Tariff Problem The tariff placed on imported goods was still an issue for the South and West Calhoun was a southerner and understood the issues however didn’t want to go against the president So he proposed a plan that would allow states to nullify (turn down) a low it considered to be unfair

Jackson Speaks Out Jackson, a strong supporter of state rights, attended a formal dinner Here he made a statement directed to Calhoun “Our Federal Union, it must stay preserved” This made Jacksons side clear, that all states should obey federal law it we are to remain a union

Chapter 10 Section 4: Elections and Banks

The Bank Bank of the United States had a charter that was about to expire They wanted to renew it, and congress passed a bill to do this Jackson didn’t like banks and felt they favored the rich only He felt that banks should be destroyed; so he vetoed the bill

Jackson Wins in 1832 Clay runs against Jackson in the election of 1832 Clay pleased that Jackson vetoed banking bill, he figured it would work in his favor Jackson continued to speak out against the banking system Jackson crushed Clay with a vote of Clay didn’t realize the public was approved of the banking plans Jackson continued to work against the Bank of America by pulling all federal funds and putting the money into smaller banks He successfully destroyed the bank in 1836, they had to close Jackson was a popular president with different ideas He felt that all citizens should have the right to vote and slavery should be completely abolished He also wanted to improve upon schools, working conditions, and the treatment of prisoners He showed that he wanted to develop the country with freedom and justice for all!!

Presidential Veto Power Veto is a power given to the president This is a way the president has a say in the laws It doesn’t provide complete power to the president, as congress can overthrow his veto with enough votes Andrew Jackson using his veto power paved the way for other presidents to use it

Chapter 10 Section 5: New Issues

Election of 1836 Jackson’s second term was ending and he persuaded his party to nominate Van Buren During Jackson’s terms a new political party was forming, called the Whigs This was a formation of different political groups that were all against Jackson Whigs had 3 candidates: Daniel Webster, Hugh White, and William Henry Harrison They were hoping to have the election divided and the vote would have to go to the House of Representatives The Whigs wanted to restore the national bank, keep tariffs high, and maintain a strong central government Van Buren wanted to run the government like Jackson Van Buren won with 170 votes, versus the 113 for all the other three candidates

The Panic of 1837 When Van Buren took office there were problems waiting for him The country was headed into a depression, that became known as the Panic of 1837 Issues that arose: – High unemployment – People withdrawing all their money from banks – Banks closing Van Buren was unable to solve the problems when he took office