CONVENTION AND COMPROMISE

 GOV’T TOO WEAK  CAN’T GET ANYTHING DONE  PREDATORS CIRCLING

 DANIEL SHAYS  FARMER  FARMERS WERE LOSING LAND BECAUSE THEY COULDN’T PAY FOR IT  STORMED THE ARSENAL  LOST 4 PEOPLE

 GOVERNMENT TOO WEAK  LITTLE UPRISINGS COULD GET BIG  WASHINGTON…BAD  JEFFERSON…NOT ALL BAD

 11/ 13 STATES EITHER ABOLISHED (GOT RID OF) IT OR HEAVILY TAXED IT  SC AND GA. KEPT IT  STILL AN ISSUE THAT TORE AT THE COUNTRY

 PHILADELPHIA – MAY 1787  JAMES MADISON “FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION”  ALEXANDER HAMILTON  BEN FRANKLIN  GEORGE WASHINGTON- PRESIDENT OF THE CONGRESS

 VIRGINIA PLAN  NEW JERSEY PLAN

VIRGINIA PLANNEW JERSEY PLAN  2 houses membership based on population  Lower house- elected by people  Upper- elected by lower  Executive-Chosen by legislature  Limited  Veto power  Judges serve for life  Veto laws  One house=members by state  Can collect taxes  Executive chosen by congress  One term  Can be recalled by state governors  Judges- appointed by exec.  Serve for life

 ROGER SHERMAN’S IDEA:  3 BRANCHES (LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL)  2 HOUSES (CONGRESS)  HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (POPULATION)  SENATE (2 PER STATE)  STRONGER CENTRAL GOV’T

 SLAVES WOULD COUNT AS 3/5 OF A PERSON  “THEY’RE PROPERTY” ACCORDING TO THE SOUTH  WOULD COUNT FOR REPRESENTATION (GOV’T) AND TAXATION (AS PROPERTY )

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION THE CONSTITUTION  FOREIGN AFFAIRS  ARMY  BORROW MONEY  MAKE MONEY  NO EXECUTIVE LEADER  NO CONTROLLING TRADE, FORCING TO JOIN ARMY, ISSUING TAXES  ONE STATE-ONE VOTE  ISSUE TAXES, CONTROL TRADE, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, ARMY, MAKE MONEY, DECLARE WAR, “NECESSARY AND PROPER”  STATES- TRADE WITHIN BORDERS, LOCAL SCHOOLS, MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE LAWS/ CAN’T MAKE MONEY  3 BRANCHES WITH ONE PERSON IN CHARGE  SENATE-EQUAL REP.  HOUSE- BY POPULATION

 GREEKS- SENATE  MAGNA CARTA LIMITED POWER FOR THE LEADER  ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1689 – MORE LIMITATIONS  JOHN LOCKE- PEOPLE’S RIGHTS- KEEPING GOV’T FROM GETTING “TOO BIG”  MONTESQUIEU- SEPARATION OF POWERS  BRITAIN- 2 HOUSE SYSTEM (UPPER AND LOWER)

FEDERAL POWERSSTATE POWERS  TAX  REGULATE TRADE  CONTROL CURRENCE  RAISE AN ARMY  DECLARE WAR  PASS LAWS  REGULATE TRADE WITHIN BORDER  ESTABLISH LOCAL GOV’TS AND SCHOOLS  SET MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE LAWS

 LAW MAKING  House of Reps (# of reps depends on pop.)  Senate (2 reps)  Collect taxes  Coining money  Regulating trade  Declare war  Raise and support armies

 President  Carries out nations laws and policies  Commander in chief of armed forces  Conducts foreign relations

 Speak for the people  Same # of voters as reps to Legislature

 One Supreme Court  Other lower federal courts  Cases involving  the Constitution  Laws passed by Congress  Disputes between states

 SPLIT POWER SO NO PART GETS TOO STRONG  KEEP AN EYE ON EACH OTHER  President can check Congress by vetoing  Congress can override veto with 3/5 from both houses  Pres appoints Supreme Court – Senate approves  Court can check Pres and Congress

FEDERALISTSANTIFEDERALISTS  SUPPORTED THE CONSTITUTION  FEARED DISORDER W/OUT STRONG CENTRAL GOV’T  WASHINGTON, FRANKLIN,  FEDERALIST PAPERS  MADISON  HAMILTON  JAY  AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION  FEARED OPPRESSION FROM STRONG CENTRAL GOV’T  “STRONG GOV’T” WILL TAKE PEOPLE’S RIGHTS AWAY  SMALL LOCAL GOV’TS BETTER  PATRICK HENRY

 SEPTEMBER 1787 IT WAS WRITTEN  ELBRIDGE GERRY, EDMUND RANDOLPH AND GEORGE MASON WOULDN’T SIGN (NO BILL OF RIGHTS)  NEEDED 9 OUT OF 13  DELAWARE WAS FIRST 1787  VIRGINIA AND NY (NOT SURE)  9 TH ACCEPTED IN 1788  RHODE ISLAND LAST 1790

 ADDED IN 1791  LIMITED POWER OF GOV’T