Osmoregulation.

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Water and Osmotic Regulation

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Presentation transcript:

Osmoregulation

The problem of osmolarity: salt water 35 ppt fresh water 0-5 ppt

salt water fresh water 35 ppt 0-5 ppt FISHES The problem of osmolarity: Hyper-osmotic salt water 35 ppt fresh water 0-5 ppt FISHES Hypo-osmotic

salt water fresh water 35 ppt 0-5 ppt FISHES The problem of osmolarity: Hyper-osmotic salt water 35 ppt fresh water 0-5 ppt FISHES Hypo-osmotic fishes are either: stenohaline - tolerant of limited range of osmolarity euryhaline - tolerant of wide range (where is this useful?)

How fish deal with being osmotic misfits 1. osmo-conformers (hagfishes) maintain isosmotic conditions

How fish deal with being osmotic misfits 1. osmo-conformers (hagfishes) maintain isosmotic conditions 2. salt supplementers (marine elasmobranches and coelacanths) high urea content and TMAO (trimethylamine oxide) low permeability to Na+, Cl- excrete excess Na+, Cl-

How fish deal with being osmotic misfits 1. osmo-conformers (hagfishes) 2. salt supplementers (marine elasmobranches and coelacanths) 3. hyposmotics (marine teleosts) tend to lose water, replace by drinking gill cells pump in water, not salts

How fish deal with being osmotic misfits 1. osmo-conformers (hagfishes) 2. salt supplementers (marine elasmobranches and coelacanths) 3. hyposmotics (marine teleosts) 4. hyperosmotics (freshwater fishes) excrete large volumes of water gill chloride cells pump in salts often euryhaline (striped bass, tilapia, drum)

Diadromous fishes fresh water salt water anadromous - Pacific salmon, lamprey, shad fresh water salt water

Diadromous fishes fresh water salt water anadromous - Pacific salmon, lamprey, shad fresh water salt water behavioral change (drinking) changes in kidney function metamorphosis – cued to photoperiod, lunar cycle

Diadromous fishes fresh water anadromous - Pacific salmon, lamprey, shad landlocked species (potamodromous) - reversion of salt-water tolerance fresh water

Diadromous fishes anadromous - Pacific salmon, lamprey, shad landlocked species (potamodromous) - reversion of salt-water tolerance catadromous - eels salt water fresh water Credit: ICES

The cost of osmoregulation