General Characteristics and Invertebrates Kingdom Animalia General Characteristics and Invertebrates

What is an animal Multi-cellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophic organisms whose cells do not have cell walls Animals can have no symmetry, radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry Animals must be able to take care of the following to survive Feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, reproduction

Phylum Porifera Example: sponge, all species have no symmetry Feeding: Sponges are ocean organisms and are attached to the ocean floor. They are filter feeders, meaning they filter food out of the water that flows through their bodies Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: All done by the flow of water through the body Response: Have no nervous system but can protect selves with poisons

Phylum Porifera, Cont. Reproduction Asexual– budding or gemmules Sexual– are hermaphrodites and internal fertilization occurs, sperm from one sponge swims through the water to fertilize the eggs of another Movement– sponges are sessile organisms

Phylum Cnidaria Jellyfish, coral, hydra Feeding: carnivores, hunters that paralyze prey with poison in nematocysts also called cnidocytes (stinging cells) located on tentacles. Once paralyzed, prey is pulled into the stomach (gastrovascular cavity) Respiration, Circulation and Excretion: done by the flow of water through the body Movement: Hydrostatic skeleton (muscles) or jet propulsion

Phylum Cnidaria, Cont Response: Complicated nerve net along body, concentrated around mouth Reproduction: Sexual only, two forms of life (polyp and medusa), external fertilization Groups (Classes)– sea anemones and corals, jellyfish, hydras

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms: Planarian, Tapeworm Feeding: Can be parasites, free- living carnivores or scavengers Two way, one opening digestive tract (pharynx, mouth and anus all the same place) Respiration, Circulation and excretion: Diffusion since the body is flat, flame cells help to remove liquid waste from the body

Phylum Platyhelminthes, cont Response: Simple brain called ganglia (collection of nerve cells in anterior end), nerve cords along body, eyespot to detect light Reproduction: Sexual- hermaphrodites Asexual- fission or regeneration Movement- Free living move with muscles or cilia, parasitic worms do not usually move

Phylum: Nematoda Roundworms: hookworm, ascaris Movement: Most roundworms are parasitic, so they don’t move on their own. Some have muscle systems to push themselves along Feeding: Parasitic (mostly) so they spend their lives feeding off of other organisms through diffusion Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: Diffusion across body membranes

Phylum: Nematoda Cont. Response: Simple nervous system, ganglia in anterior end Reproduction: Sexual reproduction, internal fertilization. Often, parasitic worms have complicated life cycles involving more than one host

Phylum Annelida Segmented worms such as leeches and earthworms Feeding and Digestion: Complicated system including crop, gizzard and pharynx. Used in food storage, crushing and digestion Circulation: Closed circulatory system with vessels and five hearts (earthworm) Respiration: Diffusion, some respire using gills (aquatic)

Phylum Annelida Cont. Excretion: Solid waste through anus, liquid waste through nephridia (little kidneys) Response: Well developed nervous system with a brain and nerve cord Movement: Complicated muscular system, marine worms use paddles to swim

Phylum Annelida, Cont. Reproduction: Sexual, most have separate sexes, some hermaphrodites Groups: Earthworms, leeches, marine worms

Phylum Mollusca Soft bodied animals with four basic body parts, foot, mantle, shell and visceral mass Feeding: Variety of feeding methods, carnivore, herbivore, scavenger, parasites Respiration: gills or diffusion Circulatory: Open system, blood pools in cavities called sinuses

Phylum Mollusca Cont. Excretion: Nephridia release liquid waste Response: Nervous systems vary depending on type of mollusk Movement: Varies depending on type, but foot is used for locomotion. Some mollusks have a foot divided into tentacles

Phylum Mollusca Cont. Reproduction: Variety of reproductive processes. Mostly external fertilization, some have internal Groups of Mollusks Class: Gastropoda (stomach foot) snails and slugs Class: Cephlapoda (head foot) octopuses and squid Class: Bivalves (two shells) clams and oysters, scallops

Phylum Arthropoda Means: Jointed foot or leg, examples, lobster, crab, insect, spider. Have exoskeleton made of chitin Growth: Must molt to grow Feeding: Variety of methods, carnivore, omnivore, parasite, herbivore Respiration: Tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs, book gills

Phylum Arthropoda, Cont. Circulation: Well developed heart, arteries and other vessels, open system (includes sinuses and other cavities) Excretion: Malpighian Tubules, diffusion Response: Brain, nerves, well—developed sense organs (eyes, taste receptors) Movement: Muscles, wings, legs, swimmerets, variety of locomotion

Phylum Arthropoda, Cont Reproduction: Mostly internal fertilization, males have a sex organ or deposit a sperm packet into females Groups: Crustaceans (lobster, crab, shrimp) Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions) Insects (most number of animal species, butterflies, bees, ants)

Class Insecta Insects are the largest group of animals Three part body (head, thorax, abdomen) Three pairs of legs and other appendages Complicated sense organs, movement and social structures Some insects go through metamorphosis Incomplete- grasshopper Complete- Butterfly

Phylum Echinodermata Means: Spiny Skin, examples sea star, sea cucumber, sea urchins Water vascular system: complicated system using water to take care of many body processes Contains hundreds of tube feet which use suction methods powered by water flow

Phylum Echinodermata, Cont. Feeding: herbivores. carnivores, scavengers, filter feeders Respiration and Circulation: water vascular system Excretion: Solid waste released out of the anus, liquid waste through walls of tube feet by diffusion Response: Radial nerve ring, scattered sensory cells

Phylum Echinodermata, Cont. Movement: tube feet, thin muscles, soft joints Reproduction: External fertilization, bi-lateral larvae, radial adult Groups Sea Urchins and Sand dollars Brittle Stars Sea Cucumbers Sea Stars Sea lilies and feather stars

Sponges

Cnidarians Brain Coral Box Jellyfish Most poisonous creature in the sea Portuguese Man o War

Flatworms Planarian Tapeworm Blood Fluke

Roundworms Roundworm Hookworm

Segmented Worms Cute Earthworm Bunch of Earthworms Leech

Mollusks Octopus Electric Flame Scallop English Garden Snail

Arthropods Lobster… Anybody Hungry??? Black Widow Spider Butterfly

Echinoderms Red-Lined Sea Cucumber Sun Star Sea Lily